Core Values-Nestle Essay Example

Guiding principle Nestle Paper Guiding principle and Intercultural Management Sep 29,2007 00:00 by administrator Core Values and Intercultural Management Case Study: Nestle In 2001, Nestle was the biggest and most broadened food organization on the planet, with about 500 manufacturing plants in excess of 100 nations. Truth be told, over the period 1867â€2000 it outperformed other food producers and buyers of horticultural crude materials in size of activities. More than 230,000 individuals overall work in Nestles plants, look into labs and workplaces. In 1999 Nestle created an all out salary of 4,007 million Swiss francs. This contextual investigation depends on a progression of meetings with conspicuous Nestle directors occupied with fortifying Nestles fundamental beliefs. Niels Christiansen, Vice President, Public Affairs of Nestle SA, clarifies that despite the fact that 98 percent of Nestle activities are outside Switzerland, the organization despite everything started in Switzerland. The corporate central station is situated in Switzerland. Thus some Swiss social qualities are a vital piece of Nestle basic beliefs. Numerous Swiss qualities are implanted in the Nestle General Management and Leadership Principles and the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. These Principles reflect Nestles essential corporate qualities, however a portion of the Swissness of the organization also. What has been depicted as the Swissness of the organization alludes to the down to business and resultsoriented nature of the Principles. The Nestle General Management and Leadership Principles are introduced for our situation concentrate on interchanges and intercultural the executives (see Chapter 2). The case on page 87 repeats the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. Settle CORPORATE BUSINESS PRINCIPLES Nestle is focused on the accompanying industry standards in all nations considering nearby enactment, culture and strict practice: We will compose a custom paper test on Core Values-Nestle explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Core Values-Nestle explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Core Values-Nestle explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Settles business objective, and that of the board and representatives at all levels, is to fabricate and advertise the companys items so as to make esteem that can be continued over the long haul for clients, investors, workers, colleagues and the enormous number of national economies in which Nestle works. Settle doesn't support momentary benefit to the detriment of effective long haul business advancement, however perceives the need to create benefit every year so as to keep up the help of the money related markets, and to fund speculations. Settle accepts that, when in doubt, enactment is the best protect of moral lead, in spite of the fact that in specific regions, extra direction to the executives and representatives, as deliberate business standards, is helpful so as to guarantee that the best expectations are met all through the association. Settle is aware of the way that the achievement of an organization is an impression of the polished methodology, direct and moral estimations of its administration and workers, thusly enrollment of the correct individuals and continuous preparing and advancement are urgent. Settle perceives that shoppers have a genuine enthusiasm for the organization behind the Nestle brands, and the manner by which the Nestle organization works. Despite the fact that basic beliefs can be engendered over a multicultural company in an assortment of ways, Nestle receives certain methodologies that are normal for it. These methodologies have been utilized reliably and for an impressive period of time, despite the fact that the companys different Principles have been recorded as of late. One significant methodology is cautious and careful determination of work force. This methodology has been revered in the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. Potential workers are surveyed with respect to whether they have the traits that would empower them to fit into the Nestle lifestyle. An evaluation is additionally made of whether they can accomplish total combination into Nestle culture after some time. Settles choice procedure has been compelling to such an extent that the majority of its workers have sought after a lifetime profession, spreading over in any event 30 years with the organization. This lifetime relationship with Nestle empowers representatives to totally soak up and operationalize the Nestle basic beliefs. Moreover, newcomers are given broad instructing just as preparing, to guarantee that they completely comprehend Nestles basic beliefs. Both the Nestle Management and Leadership Principles report and the Nestle Corporate Business Principles record contain individual messages from the CEO. The CEO, just as every ranking director, clarify that they anticipate that all representatives should buy in to and execute the organization guiding principle. Obviously, individuals from the top administration echelon likewise live the basic beliefs themselves with the goal that they fill in as good examples. Settle utilizes widely another way to proliferate its basic beliefs: its worldwide administration framework. Individuals from this unit go from nation to nation filling in as directors in various Nestle branches. These global administration framework chiefs guarantee that the Nestle guiding principle are systematized at all Nestle areas. They involve a noteworthy extent of the key situations at all Nestle branches, and can thusly apply a huge measure of impact. All supervisors of Nestle, independent of ethnic inception or geographic area, are a piece of the Nestle culture and offer a similar basic beliefs. Furthermore, by pivot, they invest some energy at the Nestle home office in Vevey, Switzerland. During the underlying phases of their vocation, Nestle representatives (from everywhere throughout the world) go to private preparing programs at Vevey, which are of roughly one months term. These projects strengthen the basic beliefs which Nestle representatives have just acclimatized. They additionally make Nestle workers understand that paying little mind to where they are from, they all offer these basic beliefs. Despite the fact that Nestles guiding principle are the magic that binds every one of its supervisors appropriated across in excess of 100 nations, the organization is likewise touchy to neighborhood societies. Brabeck, CEO of Nestle, has commented, Since Nestles exercises in Switzerland, its nation of birthplace, represent under 2 percent of its worldwide turnover, Nestle learned right on time to regard the social, political and social customs of all nations in which the items are created and sold, and to be an exceptionally decentralized individuals and items situated organization instead of a frameworks arranged organization. The fascinating inquiry that introduces itself is, how does Nestle deal with the argument between having very much settled in guiding principle, and regarding national societies? Vietnam is a nation wherein Nestle has built up a branch as of late (in 1996). It is a provoking nation where to begin tasks. In the main case, it is a socialist nation with a state controlled market. Moreover, the social ethos and feeling of Vietnam are very one of a kind. At the point when Nestle began its branch in Vietnam, it needed to implant and regulate its fundamental beliefs there without any preparation. Settles starting advance was to decipher the two reports, Nestle Management and Leadership Principles, and Nestle Corporate Business Principles, into Vietnamese. During interpretation, it was discovered that a few ideas couldn't be deciphered actually. Exacting interpretations would prompt some loss of expected importance. Consequently, a portion of the ideas were clarified utilizing Vietnamese representations and images. For instance, plan of action was made to the similitude of the family. The kind of relationship that Nestle anticipates from workers was contrasted with the kind of relationship that exists between relatives. The significance of cooperation and camaraderie was in like manner pushed by reference to family esteems. In this manner, a record was made particularly for Nestle Vietnam that exemplified the Nestle fundamental beliefs in the nearby saying. This record is given to each worker who joins the branch. Before workers can join Nestle Vietnam, they need to fulfill the enlistment rules. This incorporates whether the imminent workers can comprehend and welcome the basic beliefs of Nestle, and adjust themselves to these guiding principle. People who will be not able to operationalize Nestle basic beliefs, in view of either their experience or their character, are screened out. The foundation of a planned representative is altogether checked. This is to find out what sorts of impact have molded that person. At Nestle branches that have been in presence for quite a while, significant independence is given to line directors in the matter of enrollment. In fire up branches like Nestle Vietnam, in any case, the HR office and top administration are firmly engaged with the enlistment procedure. They concede into their crease just those people who can buy in to Nestle fundamental beliefs. Settle accepts that if workers are insufficient in specialized abilities, yet have the proper perspectives and qualities, they can be prepared and get familiar with those aptitudes. Then again, values are progressively hard to change. In the event that imminent representatives have mentalities contrary with Nestles basic beliefs, at that point no measure of instructing can effectively align them with Nestles desires. One of the basic beliefs of Nestle is that its representatives ought to have intercultural capabilities and have the option to connect adequately with individuals from everywhere throughout the world. Thus, as a major aspect of the enrollment procedure at Nestle Vietnam, planned workers mentalities to outsiders are surveyed. Additionally evaluated is the way they see individuals from different pieces of Vietnam. Inclination is given to forthcoming representatives who are lenient and liberal reasoning, and have understanding of partner with individuals from jumpers

Ithaca by C.P. Cavafy Essay -- Ithaca C.P. Cavafy Greek Poetry Essays

Ithaca by C.P. Cavafy Everybody is allowed the chance to take the odyssey such is reality, anyway it is critical to make the excursion as significant as one can. The sonnet Ithaca by C.P. Cavafy recommends that what is generally significant in life is the experience that is consolidated with the excursion, not really simply coming to the extreme objective. It is the mission, not the goal which matters most. This message is passed on through the sonnet using implication, legend and imagery. The sonnet, Ithaca, is based freely around the extraordinary epic the Odyssey by old Greek writer Homer. In the Odyssey the character Odysseus attempting to advance home to his realm, Ithaca. The character faces numerous horrible animals and different difficulties he should suffer so as to make it to the last objective. This is insinuated in the sonnet, by making reference to one of the characters beginning on [his] excursion to Ithaca (line 1). C.P. Cavafy additionally alludes to fanciful animals, for example, the Cyclopes and the wild Poseidon (line 5), just as the Lestrygonians (li...

Are Some Racial Groups More Likely to Develop PTSD

Are Some Racial Groups More Likely to Develop PTSD Researchers have been very interested in answering the question of whether or not there are ethnic and racial differences in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To answer some of these questions, a group of researchers interviewed more than 5,000 people from different racial groups across the United States. They wanted to learn more about the co-occurrence of different mental disorders, as well as whether or not people are equally likely to have a certain disorder, such as PTSD, depending on their age, sex, marital status, or race or ethnicity. Race/Ethnicity Differences in PTSD A persons race or ethnicity was not found to influence whether or not he had PTSD at some point in his life. However, other differences were found. African Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans tended to report having experienced fewer traumatic events as compared to European Americans and Latinos. Despite this, African Americans, Asian Americans and Native Americans were all more likely to develop PTSD after experiencing a traumatic event as compared to European Americans and Latinos. Ones Race Does Not Lead to PTSD Overall, a person is not more likely to develop PTSD just because of her racial or ethnic background. However, it seems as though that being from a minority group (with the exception of Latinos) is connected with increased likelihood (or risk) for having PTSD after experiencing a traumatic event. Although some other researchers have found that people from minority groups are more likely to develop PTSD after a traumatic event, this does not seem to be solely about a persons racial or ethnic identification. Instead, people from some minority groups may be more likely to have other characteristics (or risk factors) that increase the likelihood that they will develop PTSD after a traumatic experience. These risk factors may include less access to mental health care or the experience of more severe traumas when they do experience a traumatic event. A Combination of Race and Risk Factors Increases PTSD Vulnerability A persons racial or ethnic background seems to influence the development of PTSD only to the extent that other risk factors are present. Simply being black, Asian or from a certain racial or ethnic background appears not to increase the likelihood that a person will develop PTSD. It is important for people to be aware of which factors increase the likelihood that PTSD will develop. In doing so, steps can be taken to reduce the likelihood of PTSD after experiencing a traumatic event. Seeking social support or psychological treatment after a traumatic event may help to counteract these risk factors. Pursuing mental health care is still taboo in and outside of communities of color, but obtaining counseling or psychiatric services may lower ones risk of developing PTSD and other mental health problems. If you dont know where to get help, speak with a physician, a clergy member or search online to find the resources available in your community. Needing mental health services is no reason to feel ashamed. Its an important form of self-care.

Fear And Anxiety During Labour And Birth Essay - 1541 Words

Providing continuous physical and emotional support during labour can reducing maternal fear, stress, and anxiety and protect physiological birth (Steen, 2012). Research shows that fear and anxiety during labour and birth can be detrimental to physiological birth. An environment that women feel unsafe in may stimulate a surge of neuro-hormones that can influence both fetal and maternal physiology, causing irregularity of contractions, fetal distress and subsequent medical inteverntions (Fahy Parratt, 2006). Conversly, maintaining an environment where women feel safe, protected and supported can facilitate favourable physiological performance (Fahy Parratt, 2006). Midwives can do this by giving women one-on-one continuous support and placing her at the centre of care throughout childbirth (Steen, 2012). As observed in practice, by constantly reassuring the woman about her progress, her baby’s health and addressing any of her concerns, the midwife can provide a calm and relaxi ng environment that is conducive to the labouring woman (Buckley, 2015; Steen, 2012). The midwife worked with the woman, encouraging her throughout labour and birth by telling her that she was doing extremely well. The midwife also breathed in-tune with the woman while giving her a back massage, inducing a sense of comfort. The atmosphere was calm and this contributed to the woman garnering confidence in her ability to avoid medical pain relief. Downe (2008) noted that the positive impact ofShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Pethidine As A Pharmaceutical Method For Pain Relief Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesdepression and urine retention, known as side effects. 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Article Review on Using What We Know about Language and...

The following paper is article review of the article titled: Using What We Know about Language and Literacy Development for ESL Students in the Mainstream Classroom by Susan Watts-Taffe and Diane M. Truscott. In the article Watts-Taffe and Truscott draw on the latest research in language learning and ESL to offer guidance to our readers for teaching second-language learners in integrated settings (Watts-Taffe Truscoot, n.d.). The article focuses on the following: what we know about literacy development, what we know about language proficiency and literacy development, what we know about entering a new culture, facilitating English language literacy development, and scaffolding instruction. Discussed under the section titled â€Å"What We Know About Literacy Development† Watts-Taffe and Truscott discuss what research shows about how children become literate. It seems that some of the most powerful lessons addressed such as language learning proceeds best when children use lang uage for meaningful purposes (Au, 1998) and what constitutes meaningful language use is influenced by an individuals prior experience, culture, motivation, and goals (Delpit, 1995) are all beneficial in literacy development to both native English speakers and students learning English as a second language (Carrasquillo Rodriguez, 1996; Donato, 1994; Fitzgerald Noblit, 1999; Perez, 1998a). This research shows that if a teacher integrates different strategies into the curriculum, it will not only

“How does Alice Walker’s stories represents heritage conflict in the 1970s Free Essays

Alice Walker is a contemporary Afro-American writer who is renowned for her feminist beliefs and the way in which she reflects her views of the heritage of black American women in her prose and stories. This essay explores two of Walker’s works, Roselily and Everyday Use, both of which appeared in Walker’s collection of short stories entitled, In Love and Trouble in 1973. The paper examines the way in which the heritage conflict of the 1970s is represented and symbolized in both of these stories. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"How does Alice Walker’s stories represents heritage conflict in the 1970s? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Alice Walker’s short story Everyday Use, appeared in her. The story was predominantly concerned with the concept of heritage and addresses the way in which traditional values, culture and beliefs can be lost as a result of the pressure or desire to fit into other cultures and belief systems. Within the story conflicting views of the importance of heritage are presented through the characters of the prose and the way in which they interact with the everyday items of their home. In Roselily the theme of heritage is perhaps a little more subtle, with the story containing other, more prominent themes such as isolation and loneliness, male domination and inner turmoil. This story tells the tale of Roselily, an African America woman who is to marry a Muslim man and centers around her thoughts and feelings as the wedding takes place. In Everyday Use, the story is told through the eyes of Mama and key messages and statements are made through the representation of her two daughters, Dee and Maggie. Whereas Mama represents a solid, cautious and thoughtful character, Dee is portrayed as frivolous and superficial, someone who is unable to look beyond the surface of the world in which she lives. Her actions and behavior have a profound effect on her sister who appears to walk in Dee’s shadow feeling ugly and worthless. The main characters of Roselily and, as with Mama in Everyday Things, everything is told from her perspective. Whilst the man to whom she will marry is mentioned, he is never named, his presence in the story is there to represent a new life for Roselily, away from her past and her freedom: â€Å"She thinks of ropes, chains, handcuffs, his religion† (Walker, 1). In both pieces of writing the views of the individual characters are utilized to ensure that the importance of the heritage of Afro-Americans is not only recognized but that it is understood in the correct way. In Everyday Things the story is structured around the way in which each of the three characters views their heritage. Dee, successful and intelligent, feels the need to be progressive and modern and expresses embarrassment of her past. She feels that anything that occurred in her past is irrelevant to her current and future life and appears to pick and choose the elements of her background with which she wishes to affinitize herself with. Her African background, for example, exists to her as something through which she can achieve aesthetic or artistic objectives. An example of this can be seen in the way she changes her name from what she believes to be an American name, Dee, to Wangero Leewamika Kemanjo. Although here her intentions are to try and associate herself with her tradition and background there is an irony to her rejection of the name Dee that, in itself, was more closely aligned with her African roots than she recognized. Further evidence of Dee’s superficial embracement of her African culture can be seen within her appearance and the way in which she attempts to affiliate herself with her African background and make a statement about the culture from whence she originated: â€Å"A dress down to the ground, yellows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. Earrings gold, too. Bracelets dangling and making noises. † (183, Walker). Dee is represented very differently from her sister and her mother and it is clear that their unique perceptions are purposely used by Alice Walker to represent conflicting views of heritage. This is played out through their relationship with the various items that are present in the family home. Whilst not of any financial value, the value that each of the characters places upon them is of significance. The quilts can be used as an example of this. Despite the fact that they have no monetary value to speak of, each daughter would like to have them. Dee sees them as something that she can display in her city residence. They act as a mechanism through which she hopes she can show off her African background to her family and friends. For Maggie, they are everyday objects that she needs to use to survive whilst living in her current circumstances: â€Å"there are no real windows, just some hole cut in the side with rawhide holding the shutters up on the outside† (Walker, 90). Despite their tatty appearance, the quilts are still of use to her in keeping her warm. Mama sees even further into the quilts, for her they represent her past and hold valuable memories of her family: â€Å"In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bits and pieces of Grandpa Jarrell’s Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra’s uniform that he wore during the Civil War’ (Walker, 93). The quilts represent the history and heritage of the family and the struggles they have endured and overcome in order to survive in their current state. However, through the actions of Mama when she gives the quilts to Maggie, Alice Walker demonstrates her belief that heritage isn’t something to preserved and worshiped as something of the past. It is a living, breathing element of life as it continues to develop and flourish; not in Africa but in present day USA. In Roselily, the writing is structured entirely around the thoughts of the protagonist and she goes through the wedding ceremony. She is looking to her heritage, and her past, in order to make sense of her present and what may become of her in the future. Although the wedding and accompanying issues pertaining to women and their relationship with men takes forefront, the story also contains strong messages about the history and heritage of afro-American women. The story takes place at a time where the rights of blacks and whites in America were considered to be equal. Walker, however, does not seem to be in agreement with this and Roselily’s thoughts and stories clearly depict the lives of black women as being slaves to both men and to the system. For Roselily this is captured by her arduous work in the sewing factory and the many unsuccessful relationships she has had. Despite the civil rights movement she remains a substandard citizen, there appears to be no equality for African-American women. Whilst Roselily yearns for something better for herself and her children, she does not know how this can be achieved, â€Å"Her place will be in the home he has said, repeatedly, promising her rest she had prayed for. But now she wonders. When she is rested, what will she do? † (Walker, 1). Her situation can be seen to be reflective of the turmoil of her ancestor’s past. Her recognition that she needs more but her inability to recognize how she can achieve this is reminiscent of the black civil rights movements and the plight of the black people in their inability to recognize how they have a presence in America whilst maintaining their history and who they were. Whilst the men of this society seem to have achieved their objective of freedom and rights, the women are still struggling and fighting wars of their own. Both Roselily and Everyday Uses can be seen as representative of Alice Walker’s view of what it is to be an African-American. She believes that to be such to be to be both African and American: â€Å"to deny the American side of one’s heritage is disrespectful of one’s ancestors and, consequently, harmful to one’s self†. (White, 2001). In Everyday Uses Dee sees her African background as something that can make her American self more interesting and appealing to her peers and friends. Her sister, on the other hand, is concentrated on the here and now. She can recognize all too well the struggles of the past and wants to utilize as something she can build upon in order to survive the future. In Roselily the negative impact of the consolidation of Africa and American traditions upon African American women is represented and is more vividly portrayed. Roselily is a women whose past means that she is unable to see a future for herself that doesn’t depend upon the economic support of a man. The fact that the man to whom she is married remains unnamed throughout the story clearly reflects Alice Walker’s concerns lie firmly with women. References: Walker, Alice. In Love Trouble: Stories of Black Women. New York: Harvest Books, 2003. White, David. â€Å"White. Aâ€Å"Everyday UseA†: Defining African-American Heritage.. † Luminarium: Anthology of English Literature. 3 Apr. 2009 http://www. luminarium. org/contemporary/alicew/davidwhite. htm. White, Evelyn C.. Alice Walker: A Life. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005. Wood, Kerry Michael. â€Å"Literary analysis: African-American women and heritage in Everyday Use, by Alice Walker – by Kerry Michael Wood – Helium. † Helium – Where Knowledge Rules. 3 Apr. 2009 http://www. helium. com/items/1229309-conflicting-notions-of-afro-american-heritage-reflected-in-everyday-use-by-alice-walker. How to cite â€Å"How does Alice Walker’s stories represents heritage conflict in the 1970s?, Papers

Problem Solution free essay sample

Air pollution  is the introduction of  chemicals,  particulate matter, or  biological materials  that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the  natural environment  or  built environment, into the  atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet  Earth. Stratospheric  ozone depletion  due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earths  ecosystems. A substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and the environment is known as an air pollutant. Pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. In addition, they may be natural or man-made. [2] Pollutants can be classified as primary or secondary.  Usually, primary pollutants are directly emitted from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption, the  carbon monoxide  gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Solution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. An important example of a secondary pollutant is  ground level ozone  Ã¢â‚¬â€ one of the many secondary pollutants that make up photochemical smog. Some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: that is, they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary pollutants. About 4 percent of deaths in the United States can be attributed to air pollution, according to the Environmental Science Engineering Program at the Harvard School of Public Health. [citation needed] MAJOR PRIMARY POLLUTANTS PRODUCED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY INCLUDE: * Sulfur oxides  (SOx) especially sulphur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO2. SO2  is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulphur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. 2] This is one of the causes for concern over the environmental impact of the use of these fuels as power sources. * Nitrogen oxides  (NOx) especially  nitrogen dioxide  are emitted from high temperature combustion. Can be seen as the brown haze dome above or  plume  downwind of cities. Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula NO2 . It is one of the several nitrogen oxides. This reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor. NO2  is one of the most prominent air pollutants. * Carbon monoxide   is a colourless, odorless, non-irritating but very poisonous gas. It is a product by  incomplete combustion  of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide. * Carbon dioxide  (CO2) a colourless, odorless, non-toxic  greenhouse gas  associated with  ocean acidification, emitted from sources such as combustion, cement production, and  respiration * Volatile organic compounds   VOCs are an important outdoor air pollutant. In this field they are often divided into the separate categories of methane (CH4) and non-methane (NMVOCs). Methane is an extremely efficient greenhouse gas which contributes to enhanced global warming. Other hydrocarbon VOCs are also significant greenhouse gases via their role in creating ozone and in prolonging the life of methane in the atmosphere, although the effect varies depending on local air quality. Within the NMVOCs, the aromatic compounds benzene, toluene and xylene are suspected carcinogens and may lead to leukemia through prolonged exposure. 1,3-butadiene is another dangerous compound which is often associated with industrial uses. * Particulate matter   Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM) or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas. In contrast, aerosol refers to particles and the gas together. Sources of particulate matter can be man made or natural. Some particulates occur naturally, originating from volcanoes, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation, and sea spray. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants and various industrial processes also generate significant amounts of aerosols. Averaged over the globe, anthropogenic aerosols—those made by human activities—currently account for about 10 percent of the total amount of aerosols in our atmosphere. Increased levels of fine particles in the air are linked to health hazards such as heart disease,[3]altered lung function and lung cancer. * Persistent free radicals  connected to airborne fine particles could cause cardiopulmonary disease. [4][5] * Toxic  metals, such as  lead,  cadmium  and  copper. * Chlorofluorocarbons  (CFCs) harmful to the  ozone layer  emitted from products currently banned from use. * Ammonia  (NH3) emitted from agricultural processes. Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous. * Odors  Ã¢â‚¬â€ such as from garbage, sewage, and industrial processes * Radioactive pollutants   produced by  nuclear explosions, war  explosives, and natural processes such as the  radioactive decay  of  radon. SECONDARY POLLUTANTS INCLUDE: Particulate matter formed from gaseous primary pollutants and compounds in photochemical smog. Smog is a kind of air pollution; the word smog is a portmanteau of smoke and fog. Classic smog results from large amounts of coal burning in an area caused by a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide. Modern smog does not usually come from coal but from vehicular and industrial emissions that are acted on in the atmosphere by  ultrav iolet  light from the sun to form secondary pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog. * Ground level ozone  (O3) formed from NOx  and VOCs. Ozone (O3) is a key constituent of the troposphere. It is also an important constituent of certain regions of the stratosphere commonly known as the Ozone layer. Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive many of the chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere by day and by night. At abnormally high concentrations brought about by human activities (largely the combustion of fossil fuel), it is a pollutant, and a constituent of smog. * Peroxyacetyl nitrate  (PAN) similarly formed from NOx  and VOCs. Minor air pollutants include: * A large number of minor  hazardous air pollutants. Some of these are regulated in USA under the  Clean Air Act  and in Europe under the Air Framework Directive. * A variety of  persistent organic pollutants, which can attach to particulate matter. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Because of this, they have been observed to persist in the environment, to be capable of long-range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, biomagnify in food chains, and to have potential significant impacts on human health and the environment.