Closing Down the Oconomo Plant Essay

This plant is important to the society because it has created employment opportunities to local residents. However, the plant is in the verge of shut down. Jack Ripon , Chief Executive officer of Lamprey Inc. is concerned about higher cost of operation which has decreased profit for the company. The plan is to close down the Oconomo plant and establish a new plant in Mexico. Jack wants Jim Malesckowski, President of Wisconsin Speciality Products Division of Lamprey Inc. o find out about the operational costs of establishing a new plant in Mexico and submit the report to him. Jim thinks that the action to shut down the Oconomo plant might be wrong as long as there were chances to lower the costs. But he also thinks that Jack is right because all the avenues for decreasing costs at the plant have been closed. Besides money, there are other underlying factors that have led the management to bring some changes in the company. We will look at some of the forces that drive Oconomo plant to anticipate for change,changes that are required to be made, and the reasons why union leaders are reluctant to change. . What forces for change are evident at the Oconomo plant? The greatest force that drives the company to look for change is its high operational cost. The plant has so high operational costs that the company has been incurring losses instead of making profits. The management is anticipating changes so that the company will make profits in the future. In order for a company to run successfully, it should realize some returns from the investment made at the plant. Having invested in the company, shareholders also expect return for their investment. It is important for the company to make enough money for the satisfaction of shareholders and the existence of the company in the market. By any means, Lamprey Inc. should reduce its operational cost to withstand the fierce competition in the marketplace. For the compaby to make it in the market, it must change its working conditions so that they fit with the current market situations, (Daft & Marcic,2010). Another force that is evident for the change at the Oconomo plant is the uncooperative labor union. Workers have been consistently refusing to cooperate with the management. The company is planning to reduce the amount of pay it’s going to provide to workers. In order to decrease the labor cost, the company is proposing changes but the union leaders have turned a deaf ear to the management’s plan . It’s a great problem when workers are unwilling to listen to the management for possible solution. The situation will get even worse when the workers are not ready to accept the desired change of the company. Competition in the marketplace is also prominent force that is evident for change in this case. Lately, competitors have threatened Lamprey Inc. from the services and products that they are providing to the society. It has been a challenge for the company to manufacture the quality products and beat the competitor’s price. While the competiton is being fierce in the marketplace, Lamprey Inc. has been struggling to sustain the operations. If the same situation persists, the company would not have a way to exist in the market. 2. What is the primary type of change needed—changing â€Å"things† or changing the â€Å"people and culture? Can the Wisconsin plant be saved by changing things alone, by changing people and culture, or must both be changed? Explain your answer. Primary type of change required in this case is changing people and their culture. If people and their attitudes can be changed, work environment will be comfortable and other changes are easy to implement. The attitude of employees especially that of union leaders is not right in the given case. They are disobedient to the management. As long as employees don’t have respect for management, it is hard to bring any other changes. People’s culture is of great significance in the way the company operates because if the culture or people fit in the objectives of the company, rest of things will work accordingly. In changing anything with respect to company, people and culture should be considered at first. If the people working in the company are unhappy with the change, the objectives of change might not be fulfilled. In this particular case, employees are scared of change and in fact don’t let management bring any changes. Such culture is detrimental to the company. Culture should be established in such a way that people are ready to accept the change and welcome the efforts of the management with open heart. Although changing people and their culture is a primary thing, changing things is also important and should be considered for quality and workable plans of the company. Lamprey Inc. needs to bring some change in the products to save its position in the market. If the products are of low quality, the market share of Lamprey Inc. will be directed towards the competitors. In this case, the company has not put enough effort to upgrade the quality of the products. If the same situation persists, it will not be able to face the competition in the industry because competitors are developing quality products at affordable price. A company can’t operate on just a single type of change. It’s important to put into consideration both changes when designing any type of change in the company. In order to change the products, the entire team of the company should be ready and thus change is required in people of the company. To meet the objectives of the desired strategy, the company should take consideration on both types of changes.

Marijuana Should Be Banned

Marijuana is a type of harmful drug that is made from the plant called cannabis, and it’s the illegal in most areas around the world. It’s usually smoked as a cigarette or in a pipe. Many people believe that marijuana should be banned because it has bad effects on brain and body. However, others think that everybody deserves the freedom to use marijuana. Whether or not marijuana should be banned is one of the most controversial topics. First of all, many people argue that marijuana can be use as a type of medicine to treat cancer or AIDS.However, marijuana can be very addictive. When the users are addicted to marijuana, it is very hard to quit. It begins to control their lives. In order to overcome the addiction, they have to practice abstinence, which is extremely difficult because it causes sleeplessness, anxiety, or depression. Therefore, it’s better not to use marijuana than practicing abstinent. Also, it increases heart rate and bad for our lungs. Secondly, people support marijuana because it is a very popular agricultural product.The countries that sell marijuana will have more money. However, many Americans believe that the use of drugs is morally wrong. If marijuana is known as a type of drug, the use of marijuana is immoral. In some religions such as Buddhism, taking drugs is against the religious codes as well. Next, it is individuals’ choices and rights to decide whether or not they should use marijuana. The government has no right to prohibit the use of marijuana as long as it doesn’t harm other people except those that use marijuana.People who want marijuana to be banned strongly believe that crime and violence in America increase due to the illegal buying and selling of this substance. If the government prohibits it, there will be less crime, and it will be safer for the society. In conclusion, after looking at both sides, I think marijuana should be banned. Therefore, it is safer for everybody. In my opinion, th e use of drug is never right. It makes the users happy, but it can destroy their lives if they can’t quit. It’s the effect after taking marijuana that matters.

The life and times of rosie the riveter Movie Review

The life and times of rosie the riveter - Movie Review Example The documentary The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter is 60-minutes long and it mixes black and white newsreel footage. The director also incorporates color-filmed interviews of five women working in the defense plants during World War II including Wanita Allen, Gladys Belcher, Lyn Childs, Lola Weixel and Margaret Wright. Most importantly, the documentary offers these women’s views about the wartime propaganda relating to female defense workers of the period. The wartime experiences offered by these ‘Rosies’ clearly reflect the general mood of the women working in defense plants of the U.S. during World War II, because they belonged to different backgrounds such as Illinois, Arkansas farms, Brooklyn, and Detroit and they include three black women and two white. Therefore, The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter has been highly regarded for its life-like presentation as well as views of the condition of the women working in defense plants and this documentary fil m has been an important topic of discussion since its original release in 1980. Through the interviews with these ‘Rosies’, the audience become conscious about the unusual working conditions created by the high-pressured war production drive. The views of the women working in defense plants also help the viewers in recognizing various threats to women’s liberation during the period. â€Å"The film suggests that in the manipulation of public images of wartime women, the government, employers and media were pushing hard the traditional view of Woman as Housewife to suppress the runaway implications of women doing mens work so successfully, with the pride and camaraderie that wartime working conditions engendered.† (Davenport) As the documentary projects the women being interviewed in their present environment, the viewers get a convincing illustration of their condition during the World War II. In a

Unit 4 Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 4 Discussion Board - Essay Example For this case, they are not distributed in areas that are undesirable but those areas that are desirable. from federal government. In United States, the healthcare industry is one of the heavily regulated industries. According to Cato Institute study, they noted that there is a total cost of $340 billions on health care by the public whereas due to regulatory, there is a benefit amounting to $170 billions. The difference in the cost arises from facilities regulations, FDA regulations and medical malpractice. The technicians who have not attained a medical degree are not allowed to perform any diagnostic and treatment procedures that carry any risk thereby the cost of healthcare provision goes up. The government too has no financial incentives that can bargain with healthcare providers hence they bid up healthcare cost. (Cunningham and May, 2006) Other non financial resources provided by the federal government in the healthcare industry are facilitation of development of new drugs and pharmaceuticals. The food and drug administration too play a great role in the pharmaceutical industry. They offer a central regulatory role by overseeing production and marketing of drugs and pharmaceuticals besides setting of prices or other economical or financial role. Development in the healthcare industry in United States can also be seen to have advanced whereby there is specialization in treatment. For example there is a big difference between osteopathic and allopathic medicine. Osteopathic is seen as a treatments of involving correction of the position of joints and tissues and for their cases, they emphasizes on diet and environmental factors that can destroy natural resistance. On the other hand Allopathic medicine is whereby a physician is seen as an active intervention who attempt to treatment that produces counteracting

Developmental Issues Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developmental Issues - Coursework Example 5. There must be a strong emotional attachment between parents and children, since this drives children to take an interest in the world around them , (Objectives Aligned with NAEYC Standards, page 58). 6. The attitudes towards child rearing is gendered, and often when the father is not spending enough time at home with the children or giving the required resources to manage the family, a stressful home environment is created which affects the proper development of children, (Objectives Aligned with NAEYC Standards, page 62). It involves responsive adult-child interaction, a curriculum that is geared towards the development of children, proper assessment that allows caregivers to develop curriculums and gauge childs performance and show it to their parents, involment of parents in their chidlrens learning, caregivers with knowledge about childhood development, and small groups with higher adult to children ratio, (Objectives Aligned with NAEYC Standards, page 63). Children may develop characteristics that are harmful of their development if not their parents jobs do not give much time for them to pay attention to their children. Over demanding jobs, job insecurity, unsupportive co-workers, long hours etc create stress in working parents , (Objectives Aligned with NAEYC Standards, page 73). They are grandparents, (Objectives Aligned with NAEYC Standards, page 75). Grandfathers can act as father figures for children, grandparents and grandchildren are often free of emotional conflict with each other (Objectives Aligned with NAEYC Standards, page 77). Grandparents can look after the children of full time employed parents, grandparents have stabilizing effect on emotional lives of children (Objectives Aligned with NAEYC Standards, page 75). The dignity and interests of all family members must be respected, parents child rearing values must be

Brand management, Managing price discounting and its possible impact Assignment

Brand management, Managing price discounting and its possible impact on Brand equity - Assignment Example 11 Kotler, P & Caslione, J.A. (2009). Chaotics: the business of managing and marketing in the age of turbulence. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. 11 Saxena, R. (2005). Marketing Management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. 11 Schultz, D.E. et.al. (1998). Sales promotion essentials: the 10 basic sales promotion techniques-- and how to use them. McGraw-Hill Professional. 11 Introduction Price promotions are also known as price discounting. Most companies adjust the list price of the products and allow discounts to get early payments, purchase at a high volume and off season buying. Price discounting has become the mode of operation for almost all the companies. Some of the products tend to be always on sale. Companies having overcapacity of products gives more discounts. The manufacturer should stop the discounting rate at which they offer to the retailers. This practice may results in losing the long term profits. Kevin Clancy had found that about 15% to 35% of the buyers are price sensitive . People with higher level of income are willing to pay more for better products, quality customer service and for the brand name. Thus this can prove to be harmful for strong and distinctive brands. On the other hand price discounting can also prove to be useful only if the company gains a concession (Kotler, 1972, p.390). Brand equity is defined as the brands perception in the minds of the consumers. It is about how the employees, customers, the stakeholders and the consumers feel for a particular brand. Brand equity is driven by four factors such as perceived quality, brand awareness, brand association and brand loyalty (Knapp, 2000, p.2). Price discounting Price discounting is used to accomplish different goals. One of the primary reasons for price discounting is to dispose of the remaining inventory from the previous seasons and stocking in with new merchandise in the stores and the warehouse. This practice is usually preferred by those companies who tend to change their select ions of merchandise. Another reason of price discounting is to encourage the consumers to visit the retail outlet. Such strategies are widely used by grocery stores, drug and discount stores where the consumer buys in a bulk. The use of price discounting is known as bait and switch. Price discounting is also done by retailers in order to create price discrimination between different consumers. This is a process which targets both the price sensitive and price insensitive consumers. The other set of consumers prefers buying when products are put up on sale rather than from competitive retailers. Sometimes retailers offers product at a discounting rate so that the company can have an upper hand from new competitors as well as from the existing ones (Schultz, et.al, 1998, p.188). Objectives for Price Discounting Pricing is one of the biggest pitfalls that a management deals during optimal economy. But pricing involves a lot of risk when the economy is not stable. Price discounting does work well to achieve the objectives of the company. A retailer prefers price discounting in order to meet their targets and objectives. Price discounting always involves risk, especially when it is not done correctly. It can hamper the business (Kotler & Caslione, 2009, p.58). Therefore there are certain objectives which are well suited for price discounting whereas other is not preferred. The objectives are set by the retailers, in order to achieve the set goals they offer

Bus 137 Alice Dred Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bus 137 Alice Dred - Essay Example According to Sara Taylor who is a diversity expert and founder of deep SEE Consultant suggests that most managers are not always aware of the hidden biases they have when it comes to age, height, race or even marital status amongst others. Taylor further talked about height, weight, gender, and race and even how the employee is similar to the manager may have a great impact on salary earning, raises and even promotion. It has now come to attention that most CEOs in United States are highly offering jobs to men who are 6 feet tall or taller even though research indicates that the general U.S. population of tall men is just about 14.5%. The incident according to my opinion is discriminating most individuals within. The employers who use these hidden biases often influences people of what might be professional by trying to argue out that different communities have different cultures which some are opposite to others. He gives out explanations on how team leader’s desire to have tasks over relationships that is structured to work around interaction biasness. Such incident may negatively distinguish others with fondness of relationship. James Wright who is diversity and inclusion strategist, and who is also a trainer and the speaker witnessed some of the hidden discriminations used by some clients. He came to witness managers giving interviews to gays, lesbians. Some managers see this as human nature but some questions may again arise concerning if he/she has kids or partner. The question about when employees are discussing holiday gatherings, they always talk about bringing together their partners in cool water areas. The implication suggests that one need to be straight. I am suggesting that, with reference to Taylor statements, most clients’ gives out first priority to people with partners unlike to the lesbians and the gays. Wright research states that white men get more promotions vacancies compared to women and when a woman

Strategic Management Accounting for Shareholder Value Maximisation Essay

Strategic Management Accounting for Shareholder Value Maximisation - Essay Example This report presents an insightful study on the concept of shareholder value maximisation and the efforts that are undertaken by management to achieve it. It demonstrates that in an effort to enhance shareholder value the management generally puts behind the importance of serving the interest of other stakeholders like employees, customers, suppliers and society that share a long-term association with the company. However, protection of interests of these stakeholders is important to ensure the maximisation of shareholder value. This report, therefore, concludes that in order to accomplish the objective of shareholder value maximisation in an effective manner, the management should also strive to serve the interests of other stakeholders. Shareholders are the true owners of a company and have ultimate residual claims on its financial assets. Management is responsible to serve the interests of shareholders and engage the efforts of the whole organisation towards the enhancement of val ue for shareholders as well as the other stakeholders that have their interest in the corporation.

Expenses of an Adventure Recreational Activity Essay Example for Free

Expenses of an Adventure Recreational Activity Essay Abstract Estimates of recreation visitor spending provide inputs to economic analyses and help to identify the economic linkages between the recreational use of forest and its users. Using data collected through survey, this paper determines the type of expenditure of mountain bikers in Putrajaya Challenge Park (PCP). PCP is a recreation area that provides facilities for adventure recreational activities especially mountain biking (MTB). Food, petrol, toll charges and equipment constitute the main expenses for MTB in PCP. The study provides useful information with regards to the characteristics of users, pattern of use and user’s expenditure. It supplies the policymakers with information on the usage pattern that may help in developing the management plan to maintain or improve the quality of facilities provided in PCP. Keywords: adventurous recreation, mountain bike, recreational spending Introduction The Malaysian government encourages sports and recreation through the development of appropriate facilities and has launched many related events, including the adventure recreation. Ewert and Hollenhorst (1997) defined adventure recreation as recreational activities that contain structural components of real or perceived danger and usually involve a natural environment setting in which the outcome is uncertain but influenced by the participant. According to Arnold and Price (1993), adventure recreation activities are essentially non-utilitarian and provide intense, positive, intrinsically enjoyable experiences to participants. Putrajaya Challenge Park (PCP) offers customized facilities for extreme recreation in Malaysia. It was developed by Putrajaya Holdings with the cost of RM38 million and is currently operated by Putrajaya Corporation in collaboration with the Extreme Sports Association Malaysia (ESAM). PCP is well-equipped with facilities for adventure recreational activities particularly Mountain Biking (MTB). It covers an area of about 30.33 hectares and is located in Precint 5, Putrajaya. It has a network of MTB trails that passes through an oil palm and rubber plantation, secondary forests as well as bushes and grassy areas on hilly slopes. The establishment of PCP as an adventure recreation park has an impact on the economy. Estimates on the spending of forest recreation visitors provide the basis in estimating the contributions of forest recreation to local economy (Stynes and White, 2008). MTB contributes to economic growth through all the necessary expenditures to enjoy mountain biking. According to Chin Kriwoken (2003), the popularity of MTB has grown substantially over the last 25 years and continues to grow. Berg, Braun Otgaar (2000) found that sports events have become an important means for the economic development of local community, region or country. The expenses of these visitors support local businesses by bringing profits as well as creating professions for the region and the country (Stynes and White, 2008). Due to this advantage that comes along with MTB, it seems appropriate to develop an estimate of recreational spending by mountain bikers. The objective of this paper is to determine the type of expenditure incurred by the bikers of PCP for MTB activity. The potentials and benefits of studying Mountain Biking in PCP as one of the recreational attraction in Malaysia are also discussed as well as suggestions for the government or forest recreation authority regarding MTB activity. Findings from this study are hoped to provide the government with the information of how much PCP has economically contributed to the state. Figure 1: Location of Putrajaya Challenge Park Source: Putrajaya Corporation (2010) Methodology The data for this research were obtained from a series of on-site surveys conducted in PCP. The surveys took place at the access point of the Bike and Skate Complex in PCP from December 2010 to January 2011. The respondents were randomly selected among mountain bikers in PCP. Respondents were asked about their expenditures for MTB activity in PCP using a structured questionnaire. A total of 150 effective questionnaires were collected. Results and discussion Frequency of Mountain Bikers According to Residence All respondents were asked to specify their residence. The result shows that bikers in PCP came from various locations. Majority of the bikers were from Selangor (98), Kuala Lumpur (20), Singapore (14), Putrajaya (12) while other bikers came from Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang (Table 1). Expenditure of Mountain Bikers MTB expenditure consists of four categories; the cost for food, petrol, toll charges and MTB equipment. MTB equipment includes of bicycle, helmet, biking gloves and shoes, knee pads and elbow pads. It was estimated that the mean expenditure of MTB on food, petrol, toll charges and equipment was RM10.60, RM15.60, RM4.20 and RM1, 862.50 respectively (Table 2). Zero value indicates that there is no expenditure on food. This is because mountain bikers need to consume only a small amount of food which they brought from home for MTB activity. The highest expenditure (RM 1,862.50) was on equipment particularly the bicycle and its accessories. The apparently higher expenditure on MTB equipment compared to others expenses is due to the high initial cost required to involve in MTB activity. The lowest expenditure was on toll charges (RM4.20). It is because the majority of the mountain bikers came from Selangor and need not pay for toll charges. White and Stynes (2008) found that spending for any services and goods are mostly influenced by the type of recreational activity and the distance travelled. Other factors influencing the level of expenditure of mountain bikers include the size of the recreation group which means the number of persons in the group, the time spent at the recreation area, local prices and the opportunity to make expenditure on site. During the study, there was no shop or food stall in PCP. Although the mountain bikers normally come in group, the expenditure on food and/or drinks are low because they usually go to other locations for refreshment after MTB. Conclusion From this study, food, petrol, toll charges and equipment constitute the main expenses of MTB in PCP. Apart from MTB equipment, other expenditure remains low. It is proposed to PCP management to allow and encourage the local community to sell food and/or drink in and around PCP area by providing spaces for food stalls and souvenir shop. By having this, not only will it increase mountain bikers’ spending but at the same time generate economic return to the locals. Nevertheless, the study does not incorporate mountain bikers’ willingness to pay for additional recreational facilities in PCP. In estimating the expenditure for recreational activity and its local economic impacts, there might be difference in value between local and foreign mountain biker. This is due to longer length of stay of foreigner compared to local mountain bikers since they have to travel further from home. Longer stay would increase the expenditure, for instance for extra cost for accommodation and meals. In addition, the majority of the foreign mountain biker in this study came from Singapore. Since higher currency exchange of Singaporean dollars, the foreign mountain bikers have higher spending compared to the local mountain bikers. Hence, it is suggested studies on recreational visitor spending is further investigated in the future. Acknowledgements The authors owe thanks to Muhammad Firdaus Faisal and Muhamad Redzuan Abd Rani for their efforts during the data collection. A special thank also goes to the Manager of PCP Bazly Mohamad Najib, former manager, Mohd Asim Md Ali and the staff of PCP for providing the information and data of Putrajaya Challenge Park. This study was financed by a grant from Research University Grant Scheme (RUGS) Project Number 03-01-11 1158RU. All remaining errors and omissions in this paper are solely ours. References Arnold, E., J. Price, L., L. (1993). River magic: Extraordinary experience and the extended service encounter. Journal of Consumer Research, 20 (June), 24-45 Berg, L. van den, Braun, E., Otgaar, A., H., J. (2000). Sports and city marketing in European cities. Rotterdam: Euricur. Brymer, G., E. (2006). Extreme dude! A phenomenological perspective on the extreme sport experience. Unpublished Ph.D thesis. University of Wollongong Chiu L. Kriwoken L. (2003). Managing recreational mountain biking in Wellington Park, Tasmania, Australia. Annals of Leisure Research, 6(4): 339-361 Ewert, A.W., Hollenhorst, S. (1997). Adventure recreation and its implications for wilderness. International Journal of Wilderness, 3(2), 21–26 Stynes, D., J. White, E., M. (2008). National forest visitor spending averages and the influence of trip type and recreation activity. Journal of Forestry, pp. 17- 24

Elevating Class and Language Between Two Plays Essay Example for Free

Elevating Class and Language Between Two Plays Essay A person’s language is often connected to his or her social status. A person from a higher status will have a different dialect of the same language than someone from lower status. People brought up in poor surroundings or poverty are keen to swearing and have little concern to speaking properly as their language was intended. People from high society are the opposite. They are very much concerned with using their verbal skills and their rhetoric, and they are able use it as a form of power over others. These ideas of language between classes can be seen in the plays â€Å"The Tempest,† by William Shakespeare, and â€Å"Pygmalion† by Bernard Shaw. Though Shaw’s play is much more focused on the language based transformation of â€Å"Eliza Doolittle,† and the interaction between her and Professor Higgins, Shakespeare’s creates a similar relationship between the lowly Caliban, and his master Prospero. Both plays show that a superficial change in education, or language, cannot realistically change a person or their social class, rather the real changes to these characters are made internally. Both Eliza and Caliban come from poor backgrounds. Eliza is a very poor flower girl with terrible English. She swears often, by saying â€Å"bloody† constantly between sentences. As Shaw describes her initially as â€Å"the flower girl† she is unsympathetically described as ugly and disgusting, â€Å"Her hair needs washing rather badly: its mousy color can hardly be natural. She wears a shoddy black coat that reaches nearly to her knees and is shaped to her waist† (Shaw, 13). Even her accent makes her feel like a second class citizen. Beneath all of this, Eliza is still a proud girl, â€Å"I’m a good girl, I am† (2). Because â€Å"The Tempest† contains magic, Caliban is born the son of the deceased witch Cycorax. Like Eliza, Caliban also maintains his pride as he believes he is the rightful owner of the island which Prospero later took control over. Also like Eliza, much of his speech is riddled with slurs and cursing. His demonic blood allows Prospero to treat him like a lower class, subhuman monster, similar to how Professor Higgins treats Eliza like a lower class citizen due to her looks, her demeanor, and consequently her social status as a flower girl. In response, Caliban responds with hostility whenever Prospero calls for him, â€Å"As wicked dew as eer my mother brushd/ With ravens feather from unwholesome fen/ Drop on you both! a south-west blow on ye/ And blister you all oer!† (20), and Prospero responds in kind by sending spirits to harass him and pinch him. The extent of the transformation that learning language had over both characters is limited to being just a tool for them to use while unfortunately (to their masters) keeping the same personality. What changes to Eliza is most definitely a surface level change and not a deep identity level change, at least through the length of the experiment. Though Higgins manages to transform Eliza’s appearance from that of a low-status flower girl to that of a refined young lady, she remains a cockney flower girl underneath her facade of a proper accent speaking proper English. Her real personality remains persistently unchanged until the end of the play. This is the same with Caliban who, through learning language from Prospero, remains bitter, hateful, and envious throughout â€Å"The Tempest.† Caliban remains â€Å"ungrateful† for being taught language by Prospero, â€Å"You taught me language, and my profit on’t/ Is I know how to curse. The red plague rid you /For learning me your language!† In this popular quote, Caliban uses the language taught to him against Prospero to display his disgust towards Prospero’s efforts to change him. It also draws a sharp similarity between the treatment between higher and lower classes in both plays. Eliza’s relationship with Higgins’ language is similar to Caliban’s relationship with Prospero in that both Eliza and Caliban understand language as a reminder of their low social status compared to their â€Å"masters.† Both characters also remain â€Å"ungrateful† in the narratives of their â€Å"masters,† when they are mostly more concerned to keep their own personal dignity. The difference in narratives between the characters learning language, and those teaching it in both plays is very similar. Both Higgins and Prospero, in their understanding of what they are doing by teaching Eliza and Caliban language, are teaching them a way to elevate their status. Because both â€Å"masters† are concerned with social status, they believe their students should strongly value their gifts of language education. Both Higgins and Prospero also consider their subjects highly ungrateful. When Higgins mother objects to his experiment, Higgens retorts, â€Å"You have no idea how frightfully interesting it is to take a human being and to change her into a quite different human being by creating a new speech for her. It’s filling up the deepest gulf that separates class from class and soul from soul.’ (Shaw, 78),† while believing that changing Eliza’s speech will not only change her class, but her soul. At the climax of the play between Higgins and Eliza, after Eliza asks to return the belongings Higgins gave and lent to her, Higgins becomes upset, â€Å"If these belonged to me instead of to the jeweler, Id ram them down your ungrateful throat.† He feel so strongly the importance of language in self-improvement, that he failed to see that it did not have an honest impact on Eliza. This is similar to how Prospero views Caliban as ungrateful towards his teaching of language, â€Å"Abhorred slave,/ Which any print of goodness wilt not take,/ Being capable of all ill! I pitied thee,/ Took pains to make thee speak, taught thee each hour† As can be seen here, it is evident that Prospero painstakingly underlines and exaggerates the value of the language he taught Caliban. â€Å"One thing or other: when thou didst not, savage, /Know thine own meaning, but wouldst gabble like/ A thing most brutish, I endowd thy purposes/ With words that made them known. But thy vile race,/ Though thou didst learn, had that int which/ good natures/ Could not abide to be with; therefore wast thou/ Deservedly confined into this rock,/ Who hadst deserved more than a prison.† Here Prospero acknowledges that class and language, though related, are not necessarily tied together. He makes a point that Caliban cannot overcome his class through learning language. Swearing in Pygmalion has an interesting dual use. It is primarily expressed in the word â€Å"bloody† by both Eliza and Higgins. Their use of it, however, shows the difference in class between the two. Eliza, who has been poor all her life, thinks nothing of using the word since she has been around it all the time. It is a merely an adjective or a harmless form of expression to her. Shaw deliberately makes Eliza’s speech terrible in order to highlight that one’s speech is dominated by their environment. Higgins, on the other hand, knows the use of this word and uses it to express his anger and frustration. Eventually Eliza does make use of her learned dialect, and it helps her greatly. It allows her to marry a man of the upper class and start her own business, as Higgins foreshadowed. This change was only able to come about after the internal self respect she gained by defending her self-respect from Higgins after the slipper incident. Caliban, a slave who ironically speaks in the same noble verse and Prospero, also benefits from the learned language in the way he is perceived by the other characters in the play such as Trinculo. Though at moments they were both ungrateful, both Eliza and Caliban became empowered and were able to gain a sense of freedom from their own social class by learning language.

Eco-Friendly Sustainable Building

Eco-Friendly Sustainable Building People build building and structures for meet their social need and for shelter from out sided attack which is like wind, rain, sunlight and etc. For developer, they build building is to meet economic needs which is for investment and to satisfy corporate objectives. Peoples lifestyle and the standard of living and also modernized a community can be improved by the grown of building. Essential and highly visible construction contributor to the process of grown of the country, which means the more of the construction industry grown, the more the country grown. But however, the growing of construction industry brings adverse impacts to environment. So growing acceptance and realization throughout the world that there is a need for more responsible approach to environment. Sustainable building is a UK strategy for more sustainable construction. The other word for sustainable building is Green building; it is design for minimum waste during the construction and after the construction. Mo re construction used a lot of energy and makes a lot of pollution, but in green construction there is minimize of energy used and also never pollute the environment. Most of these points make a good business to developer which is minimizing the waste and increase the efficiency. Advantages of sustainable building Energy efficiency Water efficiency Material efficiency Indoor environment quality enhancement Operation and maintenance optimization Waste reduction Cost and payoff Reduce environmental impact Energy efficiency Green buildings are designed to use renewable energy efficiently and reduce the dependency of non renewable energy source supplied through the use of non renewable materials which is like coal diesel, etc. For example, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, polystyrene as heat insulation in reinforced concrete wall. Energy efficiency helps to reduce CO2 emissions. Use high efficiency window or insulator in wall floors and ceilings to release heat in summer time Efficiency window allowed sunlight go into house, so we no need switch on light during day time Plant tree at the outside of house to shade roofs or window during the summer time Renewable energy such as solar power, hydro power, wind power or biomass can reduce the impact of the building to the environment Water efficiency Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in a green building Done through on site collection of rain water, purification and reused on site Utilization of waterless urinal or low amount flush allows the efficiency use of water Install purification system can purify Water which from tank Water collect tank. Collect rain, human waste and store it temporary Use purified water to bath, wash cloth, wash car, and for cook Conversation of water reduce the cost Material efficiency Green buildings can be constructed using renewable materials like bamboo, timbers from sustainable managed forests Construction material derived from recycled raw material such as : dredged material from seabed, incineration ash, construction and demolition waste, copper slag, steel slag. Non toxic, renewable and recyclable product for example: Trass, Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from paper flakes, compressed earth block, adobe, baked earth and ect. Use recycled industrial goods such as coal combustions products, demolition debris and foundry sand in construction site. Material of building must have extractable and manufacturable, so that it can minimize the energy embedded in transportation. Material done at factory can reduce the sound pollution Indoor environment quality enhancement Requires the less usage of indoor air conditioned and reduction in artificial lighting Done through efficient design of windows, air sills, chimney that allows wind to pass within the building Careful integration of nature and artificial light sources to improve on the lighting quality of a structure HVAC system control by the air flow and peoples temperature, AC will start working when only room temperature is no longer comfortable. Light will switch on automatically which only got people Operation and maintenance optimization Operation and maintenance optimization personnel of the building will help the green criteria designed at the onset of the project through proper training and sustainable guidelines of the recycling and maintenance of the quality of the indoor environment No matter how sustainable a building may have been it design and construction, it can only remain so if it is operated responsibly and maintained properly Waste reduction Sustainable construction also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and material used during the construction process. Green buildings also promotes on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce waste going to landfills Conversion of human waste into organic fertilizers for agricultural use.

Psychological and Physical Aspects of Drug Abuse in Adolescent Communit

Unfortunately the abuse of illegal drugs is not uncommon in today’s adolescent communities. Many teenagers today use illicit drugs as a way to deal with everyday pressures such as school, after school jobs, sports activities, domestic violence and peer pressure. Adolescence has been found to be a period of weakening bonds with parents and strengthening bonds with peers (Flay, 1994). Numerous states have experienced an increase in drug related deaths (http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/stats). More than 1 in 10 of today’s youth aged 12-17 were current users of drugs in 1999 (www.usdoj.gov/dea/stats). The number of young adults’ aged 18 to 25 using illicit drugs in 1999 was at a high of 17.1 percent (www.usdoj.gov/dea/stats). In this paper I will describe some of the most popular drugs in today’s adolescent communities and why the use of illegal drugs is most common between the ages of 12 through 25. I will also describe what the tell-tale signs are in a person wit h a drug problem and how you can help. Among high school and college students, the drug marijuana is most frequently used in America today. Marijuana is a tobacco-like substance that varies in its potency, depending on the source and selection of plant materials used (http://www.well.com). Marijuana is usually smoked in the form of loosely rolled cigarettes called â€Å"joints", hollowed out commercial cigars called â€Å"blunts† and in water pipes called â€Å"bongs†. Street names for Marijuana include pot, grass, cannabis, weed, Mary Jane, Acapulco Gold, dope, and reefer. When Marijuana is smoked, THC goes quickly into the blood through the lungs. It then goes to the brain and this is when the â€Å"high† is felt. This can happen within a few minutes and can last up to five hours. Ther... ...ids and young adults continue to ignore the dangers that drug abuse may cause. Drug use and its prevention are dependent on the understanding distinctions with in each of the following groups - their norms, message styles, and language (Miller/Alberts/Hecht/Trost/Krizek, 2000, page 107). If you think that someone you know is addicted to drugs please do not ignore it. There are many websites, counseling centers, and drug rehabilitation programs that can help. We should not continue to ignore the problem, instead we should try to find a solution. Bibliography: REFERENCES 1.) Miller/Alberts/Hecht/Trost/Krizek (2000). Adolescent Relationships and Drug Use: Mahwah, NJ: LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS. 2.) Sora, J. (1997) Substance Abuse. The H.W. Wilson Company New York 3.) Torr, J. (1999) Drug Abuse â€Å"Opposing Viewpoints†. Greenhaven Press,.Inc .

Lets Put an End to Political Correctness and Stereotyping :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Let's Put an End to Political Correctness and Stereotyping Consider this. What if we lived in a society in which there was no sex differences? There's no males, and no females. There's no physical separation between one human and the next. Would we still separate ourselves by some other characteristics? If so, is it human nature that if we examine two identical things, we consider one better than the other? Can we say that any two things have the potential to be equal at all? Ask the previous questions in the context of "voices" in literature. Even with an authorless piece of writing, we tend to place a gender on its style, tone, or "voice." We say that we are "characterizing" the writing in an attempt to understand the author's meaning, or to examine why the author wrote in the "voice" s/he chose. O.K., what's wrong with that? Just this: if characterizing meant that we based the style of the writing on its contents, I don't think that there would be anything wrong. The problem is that we base the style of the writing on culturally-induced stereotypes. In other words, labeling writing as "feminine" or "masculine" causes us to use connotations and biases. In most cases, this causes us to make more generalizations concerning what men and womin "typically write like." Stay with me, I need you. By saying that anyone's writing has a specific, categorized "voice," their writing is immediately compared to the "norm" of that particular "voice." Therefore, placing a label on the author's work, causes the reader to automatically develop a bias toward that piece of writing. Wait a sec! I don't do that! I don't make biases when I read. Yes, I characterize. It helps me find the meaning of the piece. If I think the writer is using a feminine voice I'll interpret the piece differently because I'll be thinking in my head "what would a womon be thinking at this point?" Think about this. What if I, as an author, don't want my sex to influence the interpretation of my writing. In fact, at this very moment, I don't want the fact that I'm female to have anything to do with this work. I don't want to have my writing analyzed in comparison with "normal" or "typical" womin stuff. I don't want to be limited to being a typically feminine writer. I don't want to be a female writing like a typical male either. Let's Put an End to Political Correctness and Stereotyping :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays Let's Put an End to Political Correctness and Stereotyping Consider this. What if we lived in a society in which there was no sex differences? There's no males, and no females. There's no physical separation between one human and the next. Would we still separate ourselves by some other characteristics? If so, is it human nature that if we examine two identical things, we consider one better than the other? Can we say that any two things have the potential to be equal at all? Ask the previous questions in the context of "voices" in literature. Even with an authorless piece of writing, we tend to place a gender on its style, tone, or "voice." We say that we are "characterizing" the writing in an attempt to understand the author's meaning, or to examine why the author wrote in the "voice" s/he chose. O.K., what's wrong with that? Just this: if characterizing meant that we based the style of the writing on its contents, I don't think that there would be anything wrong. The problem is that we base the style of the writing on culturally-induced stereotypes. In other words, labeling writing as "feminine" or "masculine" causes us to use connotations and biases. In most cases, this causes us to make more generalizations concerning what men and womin "typically write like." Stay with me, I need you. By saying that anyone's writing has a specific, categorized "voice," their writing is immediately compared to the "norm" of that particular "voice." Therefore, placing a label on the author's work, causes the reader to automatically develop a bias toward that piece of writing. Wait a sec! I don't do that! I don't make biases when I read. Yes, I characterize. It helps me find the meaning of the piece. If I think the writer is using a feminine voice I'll interpret the piece differently because I'll be thinking in my head "what would a womon be thinking at this point?" Think about this. What if I, as an author, don't want my sex to influence the interpretation of my writing. In fact, at this very moment, I don't want the fact that I'm female to have anything to do with this work. I don't want to have my writing analyzed in comparison with "normal" or "typical" womin stuff. I don't want to be limited to being a typically feminine writer. I don't want to be a female writing like a typical male either.

The Shackled Continent

1. What are the key themes of the book and what is the author’s opinion on them? The Shackled Continent is a lively, engaging and ultimately hopeful book about Saharan Africa written by Robert Guest. The author analyses the question why Africa still is so poor and reflects the problems in this region like poverty, disease, war, corruption†¦ and it is enlivened by the stories and encounters that he recites, and by the idea, that things need not be this way forever.There are differences of culture and history in these different countries, but again there are similarities of experience that marks out much of the post-colonial period. Corruption is endemic, poverty everywhere, wars are brutal and never-ending, and AIDS daily saps at the lives of people. The author criticises the failure in leadership of most African countries and reflects that Africa still needs to go a long way to improve, but at the end, it will prosper. 2. What did you find interesting in the book? Why?Hon estly I found The Shackled Continent a very interesting book and could not say exactly how much I liked a particular part better than the others, and I've always wanted to know what exactly is happening in this region of the world, which do not stop watching unpleasant images on television and read in newspapers chilling news. But I always wanted to go into this subject without the influences of the media, explained by someone who has experienced firsthand. So if I have to stay with any part of the book, I get the answer that gives the author about the principal African problem.Guest argues it is because African governments have been either rigidly authoritarian or riven by corruption and tribalism. Governments have been wedded to central planning and consequently have failed to develop. Freedom, political and economic, has been denied to millions, and local elites have prospered as their populations have suffered. I'll stick with this idea, as it was one of my concerns before readi ng this book, and now it helps me to understand the problem. 3. What questions would you like to ask the author (at least 3)? Really socialist tendencies of African governments still hobble African economies? -It’s true that aid can help, but it’s always government economic policies and administration that dictates success or failure? -Why developed countries do not more to eradicate the AIDS virus in this region of the world? Can there be any kind of interest behind? 4. Can you suggest solutions to the problems/issues covered by the author? Personally I have some ways to solve the problems described by the author, but I don’t know if could be done someday.To combat poverty, developed countries could do more awareness campaigns for people to make financial contributions of more importance. I'm sure if everyone only donate one euro, things could be better in Africa. The same with the disease. It should be made more drugs collection in wealthy countries to be allo cated in this region. These countries could donate a large scale, as I'm sure they can do it. To fight wars and corruption, developed countries should take a greater role, and send troops if necessary to calm the situation and to monitor and prevent any kind of corruption that can take place in this region.I know that these proposals are not easy to apply, but if we all could agree, I think we could do it. 5. Is there anything you disagree with the author about? We could say that I’m totally agreed with the author of the book, since I haven’t enough knowledge about it to argue with the author. But if I were to argue something to the author, the statement would be made on farmers. Guest said that farmers without credit can’t buy seeds or fertilizer to make the best use of their land. I’m not agreeing with this because I think there must be some kind of subsidy or support from the State to these farmers.I don’t know exactly, because I haven’t a lot of knowledge about that, but I think it would be possible. Another thing is that in the conclusion, the author says something like many Africans say that Africa's problems are another’s country's fault (e. g. USA or European Union), and he disagree with that, but I think that in some way Africans are right, at least in the fact with this trade barrier story. 6. Have you learned anything from the book that helps you to understand the world?Reading this book has helped me to take off my blindfold and understand once and for all what is happening in Africa. That wonderful continent that both can offer and how it seems to be forgotten. I have updated all the injustices that take place on this continent, and the deaf that developed countries are doing about it, and it has helped me to sensibly more with this topic. Reading these kind of books, you realize that people only care about themselves and ignore what is happening behind the barriers of their respective countries.Lif e can be wonderful in developed countries, but we must be aware that there are people who are not as fortunate as us, who live a daily hell and that many of them are alone. We also can help. We must help. 7. Is there anything in the book which you can relate to the degree you are studying? I am studying Business Administration and Management, and I think it's always good to know what is happening in the world and why it is happening, and not just relate to the degree you are doing, but as general culture.With this reading I learned the forms of government in this region and also the type of resources available and inquire into their economies. Now I know that's what a country needs to do to improve and that is what we must avoid to sink. I think all students should read these books to enrich their knowledge and expertise to take are as important or more that you learn in college. Because that's the real world, the world that tomorrow we face.

Newspaper vs. Magazines

Which is the most helpful source of information do people rely on? As two major kinds of mass media, newspaper and magazine played a major role in people’s daily life. Although, they belong to the same group, they also have different characteristics regarding three major factors which are style, content and appearance. Style plays a major role between these two. While newspaper â€Å"focuses on what is needed: fixed and straight to the point†, magazine tends to be more â€Å"freestyle†. Moreover, newspaper has limits whereas magazine has more room and personalized flow of information. Content is another factor that has its most important job to do within these two. In a newspaper, people can find more information than magazine. It focuses on catchy headlines in an attempt to capture the readers’ entire attention to read the entire story. It is based mostly on facts that are new and written as it happens and where it happens. Surprisingly, newspaper can easily put various topics together whereas the magazine cannot. In other words, a magazine for golfing cannot have content that is mainly of fashion and beauty tips. Therefore, the value of each is different. Another major factor within these two should be their appearance. Clearly, people can come to realize that both magazine and newspaper are published at regular intervals. As the newspaper published faster, it comes out at least once a week and daily newspaper is published daily. On the other hand, magazine are published and sorted by weekly, monthly, on bimonthly. The point being is that while newspaper is as good as one day use, the magazine can be used or read anytime. So, whichever people choose they should remember that newspaper and magazine belong to the same group despite of their differences or their characteristics, they have always played an important role in peoples’ public life all the time.

Nature and Human

NATURE AND HUMAN Nature and human have always interacted throughout history, and the interaction of the two forces has evolved into a series of demands that people have put on nature to survive and develop. By contrast a minority of people have questioned the state of things and tried to figure out how humanity and nature can interact and develop together, and through their questioning they have come to define their idea as ecological cosmology. To begin with it is important to always start from the word itself, as each and every word has a meaning firstly by itself, and then it can acquire more depth through its use in a given context.Ecological cosmology comes from the Greek ‘oikos' and ‘logos' , these two words define respectively a ‘dwelling place' and a ‘discourse' or ‘intelligible manifestation'. Ecological is something that deals with the environment in which one is, and on what can be said of that environment. Cosmology is instead related to â₠¬Ëœkosmos' or order and its intelligible manifestation, thus it can be said that there is an intelligible order or a logic to how things happen.Ecological cosmology can be seen as the order in which things happen in a given environment, and many versions of it exist, as many people with different backgrounds thought of defining the order of things depending on how themselves and their environment are shaped or are going to be shaped. â€Å"The mythological process deals not only with natural objects, but with the creative potencies whose original product is consciousness itself. So it is here that our expl anation breaks through into objectivity and becomes wholly objective (Shelling, 207). Ecological cosmology has been seen as a mythological force, of creative and positive nature, which comes to define elements of nature, and the perceptiveness of them that people come to have. Talking about nature and ecological cosmology becomes as a result part of a discourse that does not limi t itself on discussing how a myth can come to be seen in nature, but also on the fact that a myth becomes an object that people can see in nature and attribute a representation to it – that can be viewed on how people see and define elements and objects within nature and how these objects happen to effect the relationship of mankind and nature. It is worth noting that no moral cause ever got very far that could not speak to religious conviction, drawing on the deeper sensibilities that guide public opinion even in our more secular era (Scully, pp. 12-13). † Throughout the evolution of mankind, people have gone through different phases of ecological cosmology and at one point or another – ecological cosmology happened to be tied in with Christian principles to be viewed as something more approachable as a way of being within nature, rather than the sole use of nature.For instance at one moment or the other nature has been perceived as an element of God's creations , in which people were to live abiding the rule of God, and using nature to further man's position on earth. It is interesting to see in fact how the evolution of Christianity has put people first as representation of God's will on Earth and then after only at a second time, people have seen nature as something to needy of care.Interestingly enough nature has been for most part of humanity's history the giver in a relationship – care towards it instead has always come at a second time and out of the feeling of guilt rather than respect in a balanced environment, as solely humanity and people have seen balance in the goods generated by nature.It is also worth noting that in times when nature got attention it has been mostly the attention of an intellectual elite, and even in cultural movement such as romanticism – attention to nature and its care have solely been regarded as a pastime, like for example when in the late 1800s the British high society started to find inte rest in gardening and even that has been solely related to an elite status.Intellectuals and elites have been able to move society forward within limits, but sadly those limits haven't been altered too much or challenged even within those circles. Results have been many compared to a level of development that mankind has obtained out of the use of the many fruits of mother nature, it is interesting to point out that those phases of interest in nature have been mostly occurring after intense industrial development's periods – and because of that they have become the hadow after the light of successes of science and scientific research. Yet those phases have brought onto people the harsh reality and needs that follow advancements as those have a price, and results that not only affect increasing social conditions, but also that affect people with challenging bad health conditions and a state of realization to people that at any of hose junctions realize the damages in nature's ecosystems.Furthermore it is interesting to realize how Renaissance, Enlightenment, Romanticism, Impressionism and Expressionism have challenged the status quo on a cultural level. All those cultural, artistic and ‘elitist' movements have allowed men to have a reality check with its contemporary community, and given they all developed a specific code in any given location in which they took place.They have started a constant discourse that has led people to one's realization nature and humanity need to re-balance one another – and the balance to be found is not as easy to come by as it is expected even after constant technical development in both industrial and artisanal methods, the situation people are put in front of holds many challenges, and the biggest one of them involves a change in understanding and dealing with nature all together. erably failed. But he was a humble seeker of Truth. He was a man with exceptional sincerity, honesty and truthfulness. For him, un derstanding meant action. Once any principle appealed to him, he immediately began to translate that in practice. He did not flinch from taking risks and did not mind confessing mistakes. No opposition, scorn or

Innocent Smoothies

Innocent drink case study analysis: Innocent drinks are a unique business selling 100% natural fruit smoothies. (Innocent drinks) There are many factors that contribute to the company’s successful development so far. Firstly, and most importantly, their unique selling point which is using just fresh fruit in their drinks. This is a major strength to the company as they fit in today’s trend of a healthy eating lifestyle. â€Å"They contain even more antioxidants than the average five a day† (Adams 2007). Moreover Innocent has environmentally friendly packaging; their bottles are clear with simple product information in one colour. Straight away this makes it stand out more than the rest on that shop shelf. â€Å"They were the first company in the world to put drinks on shelves in 100% recycled plastic bottles† (Oracle 2008). However they did not carry out in depth research, they only asked consumers one question: â€Å"Do you think we should give up our jobs to make these smoothies? † (Bains et. al. 2008). No questions related to the product that could help them in the future were asked. Moreover the founders abided by their principles and they only produced their products how they wanted to. This had moved them from a niche market to a nationalised company, now holding more than half of the market share. Furthermore they have met their social responsibilities in many ways such as projects in India, providing food for the homeless and the big knit- providing warmth for the elderly. â€Å"We knitted 20,000 hats to raise ? 10,000 money for Age Concern† (Innocent drinks) Another factor of success to Innocent is their fun and informal business style. Their organisational structure is unique as their staff get bonuses on having children and snowboarding holidays. Even their website is fun-filled excitement; it has its own attractive style it tells you everything about them. Lester (2007) explains â€Å"Their Company’s offices are among the friendliest and relaxed in the world† However the difficulties that company’s like Innocent drinks face are firstly lack of experience and knowledge. Lester (2007) describes â€Å"Its founders had no real experience in the sector. † Moreover raising capital, the founders of Innocent being foolish gave their jobs up straight away without any solid plans. Lester (2007) explains â€Å"They needed to raise money to buy fruit and bottles and get the smoothies made. † However capital problems can be solved by finding ‘Business Angels’. Innocent also found theirs – a wealthy American Maurice Pinto, had the experience and the `money; he was highly impressed by Innocent. â€Å"Maurice decided to invest ? 250,000 in return for 20% stake in the business† (Lester 2007). Furthermore many new businesses underestimate things like how much raw material they will need, this was similar to Innocent. They had only ever made small quantities of their juices but were looking to expand across the nation† (Lester 2007). But using fresh fruits meant that the drinks will be perishable quicker and will have to be sold really quickly. Having too many founders can also be an obstacle to a small business. Innocent had three founders, which meant there were conflicts and every decision had to be discussed and debated befor e reaching a conclusion. This can slow down progress. Innocent have many more business opportunities now that they are a successfully developed business. They have already started to expand their product range in making further products like desserts. They could furthermore develop their product range from ice-creams to maybe even meals, keeping to their principles of healthy eating. Moreover, with the right market research, if these products became successful, they could even open up shops, even restaurants or cafes and possibly start selling online too. These are opportunities because â€Å"By differentiating the products or service the company increase the value of its operators and hence, improves performance† (Bradley 2002 p21). They could further enhance their existing products starting with new packaging, a new style, new combination of colours or even new sizes (king/snack size). Ali (2001 pg 24) suggests firms should â€Å"Keep products fresh by introducing new variants and improved versions†. Using incentives is a good way to get attention, Innocent could offer a free soft toy cow, or a free membership pass to a gym. Innocent use testimonials on their website, they could use famous faces to make these testimonials stand out more. Ali (2001 p11) also explains that a business should â€Å"Look at the various aspects of their business that customers use to form a view of you† Lastly Innocent could sponsor big charity events and music shows, this way they are being ethically responsible and they raise awareness about their products. All of these suggestions would contribute to reducing the risk of business failure for Innocent drinks in the future. Innocent is a fast growing business and one of the most successful. However Page, Ralph and Jones (1989 p 1-55) explain fast growth in a short period of time is a threat. Having to produce on a large scale and making deliveries on time can be difficult. Forecasting demand and market growth is essential; firms almost fail predicting this incorrectly. A fast growing business like Innocent, need to keep track of forecasts as accurately as they can, or they can lose their reputation and money. For example, â€Å"Firms need skill in measuring and forecasting the size, growth, and profit potential† (Kotler 1994 p 245). Also Innocent will have to be aware of changing trends and tastes in their market, drastic changes in the market can affect Innocent. However there are also external threats to Innocent like competition (Myroslaw 1987 p 45). They need to keep a constant watch on competitors to make comparisons with their own business. Moreover change in economic conditions effect firms, currently the economy is suffering a recession; (www. news. bbc. co. uk) during these times it would be best to lower prices. Even more technology changes can be threatening to the position of a firm, Innocent might need to update their current technology and re-train their employees. Finally meeting their liabilities, avoiding bad debts and cash flow problems will contribute to a firm’s success. In conclusion Innocent drinks is proven to be a surprisingly successful business even after all the struggles, they came through as a strong and honest business. However they now need to be extra careful because they have reached a high level of success, and the higher you are the harder it becomes to maintain that position. Word count: 1,062 Bibliography: Anthony S. Page, Ralph C. Jones (1989) ‘Business Growth – How to Achieve and Sustain It’, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 10(2) p 1-55. Ali, M. (2001) Marketing Effectively, Hampton, Dorling Kindersley. Baines, P. Fill, C. and Page, K. (2008) Marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bradley, F. (2002) International Marketing Strategy, Dublin, Pearson Education. Kotler, P. (1994) Marketing Management, USA, Prentice Hall. Myroslaw J. (1987) ‘customer service competition business to business and industrial market’ Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 2(4) p45-52. ttp://www. innocentdrinks. co. uk/us/? Page=our_story Accessed 21/11/08 http://www. innocentdrinks. co. uk/bored/ Accessed 21/11/08 http://money. aol. co. uk/small-business/innocent-drinks-coming-to-fruition/article/20070814091309990004 Accessed 19/11/08 http://www. oracle. com/customers/snapshots/innocent-drinks-demantra-snapshot. pdf Accessed 21/11/08 http://www. drinks-business-review. com/art icle_feature. asp? guid=55937F47-8134-4E4F-A9A4-881AE440062F Accessed 21/11/08 http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/magazine/7686531. stm Accessed 01/12/08

Arsenic Contamination in Drinking Water Lack of Awareness

Lack of Awareness in Khulna Division Arsenic is treated by World Health Organization as the largest mass poisoning of a population in history in Bangladesh (WHO, 2002). Arsenic poisoning through drinking water results pigmentation of skin; enlargement of kidney, liver and lungs; failure of kidney and liver; jaundice etc. Finally it can even forward to death causing cancer of skin, lungs and bladder. In Khulna division, the administrative region of south-west Bangladesh is facing the problem as critical public health issue at present due to lack of awareness. In this area, about 16 million people from different 10 districts are under high risk of arsenic poisoning (BBS, a, 2011). In the Goal 7 of MDG, a target has been set for Bangladesh to achieve Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water (BBS, b. 2010). For fighting against the prevailing arsenic disaster it is highly need to raise awareness and expedite education to the people of the area. Government agencies and several NGOs are working in this area for mitigation of this problem by sensitization, advocating, educating for alternative safe water sources etc. Even though, the awareness level is not pleasing at all. In Table-1, data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey is showing the proportion of arsenic contamination and having awareness in Khulna division scrutinizes the argument. In Khulna division, as per WHO standard.

Examine how Alices Adventures in Wonderland major theme of growing up Essay

Examine how Alices Adventures in Wonderland major theme of growing up and finding ones identity are a reflection and product of a Victorian age, and how Wonderland is a social satire of Victorian culture - Essay Example t while Alice’s circumstances share commonalities with these other heroines – she finds herself in an unfamiliar place full of strange people – her experiences are entirely different. Unlike Dorothy, Susan, Lucy or Wendy, Alice has no purpose to guide and direct her wanderings through Wonderland. Even more significantly, Alice has nothing to offer the strange country she temporarily inhabits; nor does she change and grow emotionally as a result of her time in Wonderland. And though some feminist critics like Nina Auerbach have argued that Alice is a subversive feminist heroine, in fact, Carroll’s youthful protagonist seems to be nothing more or less than an ordinary Victorian girl – and rather than limiting the possibilities of the narrative, this realization expands them, allowing us to understand Alice as a creature of her own era, so that she – more than the Wonderland she traverses – becomes the vehicle of Carroll’s Victoria n satire. In this paper, I will argue that Carroll’s Alice deconstructs the Victorian notions of femininity and female coming of age in several ways. First, rather than being a sweet and charming female heroine, Alice is bossy, pretentious and often downright unlikable – isolated by her manners and her education from creatures who might have been her friends. Second, that Alice’s behavior toward the Wonderland creatures is a reflection of how Alice herself is treated in her own â€Å"real† life, revealing problematic dynamics between children and adults in Victorian culture. And finally, I will show that Alice’s adventures in Wonderland have merit and meaning only when they are reconstructed — through the Carroll/Narrator, through Alice’s sister and finally through Alice herself — to â€Å"interpret† a hodgepodge of facts and experiences into a memory of happy childhood. In fact, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland can be read as a satire of a Victorian girl’s education into the rites of womanhood, a satire that

State sponsors of Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

State sponsors of Terrorism - Essay Example Terrorists become more active and powerful because of state support to them. The motivation and support they get from state sponsorship results in increasing the threat of deadly terrorist attacks on civilians, military forces, and infrastructure. State-sponsored terrorism does not have any particular form. At one end, a state can make use of its intelligence agencies to carry out terrorist attacks on some other country either because of grudges between the two states or because of the intent to destabilize the victim state. On the other end, a state can become a safe corner or safe home for the terrorists from where they can hide after carrying out terrorist attacks on the neighboring countries. Some states even fund the terrorist groups operating in other countries to keep them carry out their criminal activities. Their intent is to weaken the political and military base of the victim state. Some states use their own forces against a particular group of people to suppress their voice and rights. This is also a type of state sponsored terrorism. For example, use of force against Kurds by former Iraqi President Saddam Husain can be termed as state sponsored terrorism (Grothaus, n.d.). Let us take some examples of active and passive state sponsored terrorism in order to clarify the evident and hidden roles of states in promoting terrorism. The first example of active state sponsored terrorism is that of Syria’s development and control of a terrorist group named Al-Saiqa. This terrorist group was based in Palestine and Syria directly and openly controlled this group to tackle the influence of Yasir Arafat who was the most prominent leader of Palestine. Another active state sponsored terrorist example is of Pakistan’s support to the militant groups operating Kashmir against Indian forces. Pakistan provides funds and training to these groups using which they carry out attacks on Indian forces. Their main

Comment on the Principles Utilized at Google to not be Evil Case Study - 1

Comment on the Principles Utilized at Google to not be Evil - Case Study Example According to the paper the primary concept or principle for functioning was to not be evil; this would include doing everything by the customer’s preferences. Their agreement with China which allows their search engine to be censored was the most controversial of their moves. This move is actually not in the best interest of its end-users and is seen by many as limiting freedom of speech and liberty itself. Its ongoing battle with AT&T is also indicative of its changing standards. It seems Google has changed its stance from neutrality to the survival of the fittest. While they once advocated net neutrality principles it is now increasingly more focused on putting its own interests first. In a way they are effectively crushing small firms and even large competition because of its biased and tyrannical attitude. What was once a motto no longer applies for Google it seems; at the end of the day there is massive copyright and trademark infringement through the search engine that i s allowed and goes unchecked by the firm. Pornography and other disturbing elements are not only widely available but also advertised. So the question is, was the principle only a catchy slogan? It seems it was. Â   Â  

Attachment Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Attachment Theory - Essay Example Children with attachment disorders suffer hardships in relating with others and cannot deal, effectively, with their emotions. There exists a wide variety of attachment issues depending on how disturbed a child is emotionally. These include conduct, attention deficit hypersensitivity, bipolar disorders among others. Circumstances surrounding the causes of attachment issues, at times, are unavoidable. However, the child is too young to comprehend that which may be happening and the reasons behind it. To the child, it may seem like nobody cares and thusly lose trust in others. Symptoms of attachment disorder include avoiding physical affection, anger, lack of remorse, enjoy being in control, and withdrawal. Provision of relevant education on how to deal with attachment-disordered children should be considered. This primarily targets parents with attachment-disordered children as an essential step towards reversing its effects. New parenting skills are impacted to help in healing the maltreatment experienced during the child’s early life, assisting them secure attachments with their current caregivers. In addition, this creates a foundation of new trust, which is necessary for successful relationships in all aspects of life. Research has indicated that attachment parenting requires one to understand the concepts of regulation dysregulation, which refer to the physical and emotional state of the child (ATTACh, 2008). While in a regulated environment, children can learn at their best since, they have a flexible experience and can manage a range of emotions without being overwhelmed. In addition, the child becomes more receptive, calm and can process thoughts and feelings. It is also critical that parents maintain a position that reflects the notion of being wiser and more mature that the child. It is essential that the parent assist the child in making sense of an

Holding up General Motors Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Holding up General Motors - Literature review Example According to the study findings  the term transactional cost is essential in the effective development of a theoretical framework, upon which is based the prediction of specific economic tasks, as performed by firm-entities. This is in addition to when such economic tasks would also be performed within the prevailing market arena. Critically, this term was essential during his discussion of the ‘costs of utilizing the price mechanism’ in his paper – The Nature of the Firm. He further developed this concept in his later seminal work – The Problem of Social Cost  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ upon which the term referred to the ‘accrued costs of prevailing market transactions.This paper highlights that  Oliver E. Williamson was to greatly popularise the term, through his work – Transaction Cost Economics – that has fundamentally aided in the explanation of a variety of organizational behaviours in the contemporary era. This is founded on the notion of no t only regarding ‘transactions’ as pertaining to ‘buying and selling’, but also other pertinent interactions i.e. informal gift exchanges and daily emotional transactions etc. Further contribution is by Steven Cheung who conceivably regards transaction costs as pertaining to any cost expenditures, which arise because of the existence of organizational-entities or institutions.  Williamson differentiates in his work – The Mechanisms of Governance (1996) –the aspect of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) from the then dominant ‘neoclassic micro-economics.

Film Editing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Film Editing - Essay Example Editors are important professionals in the movies and film making industry. The camera operators are obligated to operate the cameras manually but work with the directors, of photography, in the film making process. The editor is supposed to take shots from various scenes in the scenes from different angles as well as different perspectives and arrange them to tell the story.The operators’ obligation of manually create a sequence of shots which involves a number of factors. The editor is supposed to integrate what the eye is supposed to capture within a given screening, choreography of the shots and integrating the knowledge of framing shots behind the scenes to enable the editing department come up with a clean and concise storyboard that focuses on the richness of the story or script. The editor covers a transitional gap that is between the actors and the directors (Weston, 1999, p. 17). The necessity of the professional lies in the ability to choose the right composition of the shootings such as the angles, lighting, and viewpoint, access to detail and appearance to the audience to integrate with a particular set.The editors integrate various principles of telling a dramatic story while including the fundamentals of film editing. The purpose of the editing in making the film is ensuring that every detail intended in the filmmaking is caught on camera and communicated to the audience as it was intended by the director. The editors represent a window through which the audience benefits from the film industry.

Executive summary of a research in memo format Essay

Executive summary of a research in memo format - Essay Example It increases the morale, provides better access to new market segments and develops the productivity level. The discrimination-and-fairness paradigm helps to increase the demographic diversity within an organisation which ensures fair treatment to employees. However, due to its principle of every employee being the same, pressure might create among employees for assuring that differences among them do not pose as an obstacle for achieving the organisational goals. Therefore, practical disagreements about work processes or strategies can be falsely interpreted due to the fairness and equal treatment principle followed in this method. Access-and-legitimacy method has evolved after the 1980s when multinational organisations expanded their operations in different communities. The method preferred demographic workforce for accessing with the different communities in enhancing their productivity and sales in different countries. Organisations using this method have the potential of competi tive advantage from the motivation derived based on the market. However, while entering different markets, organisations tend to focus more on the cultural diversity rather than analysing factors which differs the work process. Furthermore, organisations tend to rapidly position employees in between different communities without analysing their capabilities and competencies. Incorporation of the two methods gave rise to a modern method, learning-and-effectiveness paradigm which integrates employees’ perspectives while determining strategies, product demands and also cultures. It helps in motivating employees and acknowledges different cultures while respecting the value each culture possesses. Thus, I would recommend the modern method as it consists of characteristics and principles of both the other paradigms. The learning-and-effectiveness method will be appropriate for fulfilling the overgrowing tendencies of expanding businesses in multination. Factors Affecting the Metho ds However, certain factors should be taken into concern that affect and influence the time required for implementing the diversity programmes. Implementing diversity programmes is time consuming if employees are reluctant for embracing the changed process. Furthermore, the learning-and-effectiveness method will help to identify the employees’ perspectives in implementing the different strategies. As observed in the case of First Interstate Bank which decided to employ loan officers who held the college degrees. Others were hired as support staff and were never promoted. The decision gave rise to huge protests as many employees have been associated with the bank for several years and developed the required skills of loan officers through constant training. Ultimately, the unfolding reasons indicated that diversity was not based on race or culture but class of people, i.e. educational backgrounds. Therefore, repeated protests forced the bank to change its policies and integrat e the changed processes based on the employees’ perspectives. As a result, the diversity programmes were implemented but delayed. I would suggest you to consider the concerning factors significantly and make necessary changes for effectively and rapidly implementing the

Science and technology Essay Example for Free

Science and technology Essay Science and technology is a vital part of our societys world and how we function. Unless you happen to live out in the middle of the Sahara Desert and have sworn off all aspects of technology and science, then you are most likely exposed constantly to science in your daily life. While it is a big part of our world, there is a constant uneasy relationship between human beings and science. It is a common axiom that people dont trust what they dont understand. That is exactly what drives and causes this unsteady relationship people have with science. People never want to put full faith and confidence into the untouchable, comprehendible, or viewable. Trust is what really brings people to wonder about science and subconsciously fear it. Because we cannot reconcile some things science and technology give us, our immediate reaction is to set ourselves away or fear it. It is human nature to want to question and have some form of apprehension toward the thing we cannot fully reconcile. We see this is all forms of science and technology in our society. From the physical features of science such as technology and medicine to even scientific theories and cerebral and abstract parts of science, all forms in some way can make people uneasy. It makes you wonder however, why someone would fear something that is always attempting to be beneficial. Research and discoveries are usually made solely to help the individual and or society as a whole. So what are we as people so unnerved about? From even the most mundane actions and events in our lives to our moral beliefs and views, we see in every aspect of science the questioning and doubt by people. I had possibly the worst eye sight as a child. I basically could embody the clichà © phrase, blind as a bat. To make the situation worse for myself, I hated wearing glasses. I was unable to wear contacts due to some technical mumbo jumbo, so my parents decided to sign me up for Laser Eye Surgery. I had the procedure and can see quite fine to this day. You are probably sitting their wondering what exactly this heartwarming story of my now ability to see has anything at all to do with my thesis. We always can find risks in any type of procedure like the one I had. While the benefits are great, there is always the small chance that something could go terribly wrong. The doctors did in fact explain all the High tech procedures and steps they were taking during the operation, but did I really have a clue?  Walking into that surgery I was scared out of my mind, but why should I be? This is a proven technology that fixes your eyes and keeps you from wearing glasses. It isnt however done by the majority because the risk that science is wrong is too great. Is it better to wear glasses than to take even the slightest risk with my sight? These were all factors that I was feeling, but in fact I wasnt alone because everyone thinks like this with situations like this. Science cant be 100% on most things but that is what we as people require. Any person would find themselves feeling unsure about a foreign subject or in my case a medical surgery. That is why we have this problem with science. The idea of trust is there in the subconscious. It is sitting there in the back of our minds poking our conscience with a long finger saying, is this ok? Should I go through and get involved with this? I dont know if I should be doing this. While things like medical surgeries and such are obviously going to be a frightening part of science to most people what about other abstract parts of science. Unease becomes a major issue to people when they are unable to reconcile science ideals with their own moral and or spiritual beliefs. The discussion of Creationism versus Evolution has been a heated and raging debate in American culture for years. Creationism derived from the Book of Genesis denies all forms of science that says we as humans evolved over time to what we are today. Creationists insist that the universe and the earth were created in six days. Another common discussion in which Creationists reject is the major theory like the Big Bang theory. This argument is a perfect example of a moral/ mental discomfort with science. We looked before at the ways in which science can make us uneasy with physical interactions like medicines and surgeries, but what about the mental aspect of it? When science tests and challenges the morals and beliefs of others it makes the relationship very awkward. In this case we see evolution is the science. It doesnt fit the religious beliefs we know most Christians for example are taught. Even if your rational mind says science is factual, your faith and emotions are strong determiners of your beliefs. There in lies the uncomfortable pull and push relationship morally with people. I think we personally are uncomfortable with science because you avoid having to make a choice between the two. We know intellectually that science is proven, yet  some peoples hearts need to believe and have faith in a superior being. We need a way to make both work together, but that is hard. We like cafeteria religion, where we pick the parts that fit our world, but we know that probably isnt right. Whatever we chose and whichever side we take it still is a known controversy in our culture that is constantly questioned. In our class reading of Never Let Me Go we see a similar moral dilemma with science and human relationships involving Stem Cell research. The science and moral aspects will always be at t ug of war in our minds. This uneasiness of science we all come to recognize. So while some of you may not have gotten lasic eye surgery like me. Or maybe some of you listening dont have any type of faith based religion and find no controversy in science and faith. I am not asking you to totally connect with my examples and be able to relate to them. But like I said, everyone is exposed to science and technology everyday. You all know what its like to question aspects of science whether a distinct example or not. Trust is what plays the role in this controversy. So do we still believe the axiom People dont trust what they dont understand? To me it relates more to People in fact dont trust what they cannot have full resolve for.

Demonstrative Communication Process

Demonstrative Communication Process Demonstrative communication includes nonverbal and unwritten communication and involves such things as facial expressions, tone of voice, body language, and so forth. Include the following elements in your paper: Demonstrative Communication Communication is defined as the process of sending and receiving information, a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, speech, signs, writing, or behavior (Merriam-Webster, 2011). Communication can be verbal or nonverbal, written, or visual. According to Paul Endress, 7% of the communication process is words, 38% is voice tone, and 55% is physiology. Therefore, nonverbal communication comprises 93% of communication; it is made up of the following three areas and their subgroups: †¢ Body Physical Space Clothing and appearance Locomotion (kinesics) †¢ Physiology Posture Gesture Facial expressions †¢ Nonverbal Eye contact Touch (haptics) Tone of voice (paralanguage) Research shows that the nonverbal channels of communication (how things are said) are often more important than words alone (what is said)(Endress, 2010). Demonstrative communication is that part of the communication process that includes nonverbal and unwritten communications. Demonstrative communication entails sending and receiving wordless messages (Nayab, 2010) Effective or Ineffective Effective communication is the foundation for positive interactions in the workplace as well as in social settings. To share ideas, give opinions, or be defined as an individual, one must have effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills. These skills are not only important for the sender but also for the receiver. According to Missouri Western State Universitys Laurel J. Dunn, nonverbal communication can be deciphered beginning in early childhood, but interpretation becomes more accurate as the person grows older. Nonverbal cues are responsible for a major portion of the message sent. Even if the verbal message is flawless, one still might communicate ineffectively (Dunn, 2009). For example, one person walks up to another and with a warm smile and direct eye contact, reaches out, gives the other person a firm handshake and in a happy tone of voice says, â€Å"I do not like you.† The other person will most likely smile back and agree. Words are only seven percent of the message whereas 93% is nonverbal. If the two conflict, the brain will register the preponderance of the message, which is the nonverbal. In order for a message to be received effectively, the verbal component must coincide with the nonverbal or demonstrative communication. For example, dressing properly, a firm handshake and a friendly demeanor can speak volumes about the kind of person someone is at a job interview. A person can rely on these qualities to reinforce his or her verbal performance (Sutton, 2011). For the receiver, a message can be easily misread or misunderstood. Gestures, appearances, and facial expressions can have different meanings to different people. People can easily misread people they do not know. For example, meeting someone who looks scruffy and assuming that he is lazy. However, later one discovers that he is a brilliant and hard-working artist. Some people might assume that sitting with arms folded means one is defensive. In fact, this can convey feeling cold or simply comfortable. Nonverbal communication should not be solely relied on because there are no hard and fast rules regarding what different gestures and expressions mean (Sutton, 2011). Across cultural lines, one gesture can mean one thing to one cultural group and mean the complete opposite to another. For example, to give someone the thumbs up gesture in America means he has done a good job. If this same gesture were used in Iran, it would mean an obscenity (Endress, 2010). Listening and Responding As with verbal communication, demonstrative communication involves listening and responding. Often an individual can learn more from another’s actions than from his words. Many are the instances in which people can listen with their eyes instead of their ears. For example, a close friend walks out of the classroom after a final examination with her head down, shoulders slumped, and a defeated look on her face. One does not need to ask how well she did. It is important for people to use active listening when receiving any type of message. According to Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado (1998), people often are distracted by other stimuli when they are supposed to be paying attention to a speaker. During an argument, people often formulate a response while the other person is talking, which leaves parts of the message unheard or misunderstood. Active listening involves clearing one’s mind of distractions and focusing entirely on the speaker. Once the spe aker has completed talking, paraphrase what he said before replying. Active listening can bridge the gap between effective verbal and nonverbal communication (McNamara, 2010). Conclusion Demonstrative communication is that part of the communication process that includes nonverbal and unwritten communications; it entails sending and receiving wordless messages. Nonverbal communication comprises 93% of the message. Effective communication is the foundation for positive interactions; it is equally important to the sender and the receiver. It involves listening and responding. One can learn more from others actions than from their words. References Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado. (1998). Active Listening. Retrieved from http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/activel.htm Dunn, L. J. (2009). Nonverbal Communication: Information Conveyed Through the Use of Body Language. Retrieved from http://clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu/manuscripts/70.php Endress, P. (2010). Non-Verbal Communication Demonstration. Retrieved from http://www.maximumadvantage.com/nonverbal-communication/non-verbal-communication-demonstration.html McNamara, M. (2010, August 2). Effective Verbal Non-Verbal Communication. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/192035-effective-verbal-non-verbal-communication/ Merriam-webster.com. (2011). Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communication Nayab, N. (2011, June 27). Comparing Various Forms of Communication. Retrieved from http://www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/articles/79297.aspx Sutton, N. (2011, March 26). Pros Cons of Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/info_8117087_pros-cons-nonverbal-communication.html Essay 2 (Example) Demonstrative Communication Introduction There are diverse definitions of communication. In simple words, communication can be defined as the process of transmitting and receiving messages. Communication involves reciprocation of ideas and messages. There are two forms of communication including verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication involves communication in the form of written and oral messages. However, non-verbal communication is in the form of gestures and images. This paper aims to discuss demonstrative communication and its effectiveness. There are diverse factors that contribute towards the effectiveness of demonstrative communication. The vital components of demonstrative communication include tone, gestures, prior knowledge, and the environment. A slight imbalance in these factors could result in the ineffectiveness of demonstrative communication. Discussion Demonstrative Communication Demonstrative communication is the process in which sending and receiving messages a re accompanied by sharing thoughts and information. Demonstrative communication involves both verbal and non-verbal communication. This paper will discuss demonstrative communication and its effectiveness. Some of the components of demonstrative communication include tone, gestures, prior knowledge, and the environment. One of the types of demonstrative communication includes facial expressions. This form of communication also involves tone and body language. Facial expressions can be further classified into positive and negative. Demonstrative communication is effective when it involves positive facial expressions. However, negative facial expressions make demonstrative communication ineffective (Mounter Smith, 2008). Demonstrative communication also involves nonverbal and unwritten communication. In this form of demonstrative communication, wordless messages are sent and received. Demonstrative non-verbal communication supports verbal communication despite the fact that it can co nvey messages on its own. Demonstrative communication reinforces verbal communication. Effectiveness of Demonstrative Communication Demonstrative communication can be effective and ineffective. It can be positive and negative for both the sender and receiver. The environment in which communication takes place plays an important role in its effectiveness. Communication may take place directly or indirectly. Most of the time, face-to-face communication is more effective than other forms of communication. Indirect communication takes place through text messages, emails, and instant messages. These messages are also accompanied by facial expressions. In verbal communication, the participants talk directly. It is because of this reason that verbal communication is more effective than non-verbal (Nielsen, 2008). In our everyday life, we use the non-verbal communication more than verbal communication. Demonstrative communication can be perceived by the listener as both positive and negativ e. The perception of participants is largely influenced by the use of non-verbal forms of communication. The presentation of individuals also Essay 2 (Example) Demonstrative communication Communication can be described in many different ways and mean many things. Communication is the process of transmitting, relaying, or sending and receiving messages. The communication process conveys thoughts, ideas, data, and messages either thru speech, writing, body singles, behavior, or kinesics (Cheesebro, Rios, OConnor, 2010). Communication can be transmitted verbally and non-verbally. Verbal communication combines written and oral communication while nonverbal communications is express thru body language, facial expressions, eye contact, and gestures. The key to effective communication is the shared understanding of the information between the receiver and sender. It involves the shared understanding of thoughts, feelings, wants needs, and the intentions of the communicators, which may not be openly expressed with words (Cheesebro, Rios, OConnor, 2010). The communication process is completed when the receiver understands the message being sent by the sender. This paper will deliberate demonstrative communication, a style of communication that deals with nonverbal and unwritten communication. This paper will discuss how demonstrative communication can be positive and negative, effective and ineffective, and how it is mutually for the sender and receiver. It will also discuss nonverbal cues, the functions of nonverbal communication, and the importance of demonstrative communication is to listening and responding. Demonstrative Communication can be Positive and Effective There are two types of demonstrative communication as stated earlier nonverbal and unwritten. Demonstrative communication involves sending and receiving messages that are used to inform, correct, educate, and share emotions. If the communication process is ineffective it has the influence and power to hurt, confuse, mislead, and even hinder the receivers and the senders rather it is verbal or nonverbal (Papa, 2012). If the communication process is effective then it can leave the sender/receiver with a clear understanding of the message feeling, empowered, informed, educated, and appreciated. An example of this would be, if someone was out on a date and had a good time at the end of the night they might give the other person a kiss to indicate they had a good time and how they feel. On the other hand if someone did not enjoy themselves and was not interested in the other person there will be minimal talk, eye contact, gestures, and that person might receive a handshake or a polite goo dnight at the end of the night rather than a kiss. Since the sender and receiver shared understanding and receiving of the message is different it is important the message is clear and both communicators share a clear understanding of the message. Good communication skills are the key to an individual’s success in life and in this growing economy and globalized world. With the growing demand for these essential skills which have branched off into a wide variety of divisions and techniques, and with advancing technology nonverbal and unwritten communications has grown and advanced in numerous ways (Subapriya, 2009). Statistics vary, but 60%-80% of people’s communication is nonverbal, 7%-10% is actual words, and the rest is tone of voice. Subtle and often subconscious, movements such as facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and posture send strong messages to the receiver. So in other words sitting up straight and paying attention can let the sender know you are paying attention and are interested in the message they are sending. Nonverbal Cues and Functions of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication serves six primary functions complementing, substituting, accenting, contradicting, repeating, and regulating verbal messages. Complementing, nonverbal behavior serves to complement or adds to the verbal message (Subapriya, 2009). It can only modify, or elaborate on the verbal messages. Nonverbal behavior alone would not communicate the intended meaning. Complementing nonverbal message changes the meaning of the verbal message by adding additional insights or information. So when clarity is of the most importance, one should be especially concerned with making verbal and nonverbal behaviors complement to one another (Subapriya, 2009). Nonverbal messages are sent in advance of verbal messages. Before someone can even udder a word their facial expression, clothes, body posture, skin color, and hair style can communicate much about them. Unfortunately, this can be true even if the message sent is not the message you want to communicate. An example of this would b e, if someone had a job interview and they showed up wearing dirty clothes, angry facial expression, and bad posture. This would communicate to the interviewer that you may not want the job compared to someone in a suit and tie, a smile on their face, and good eye contact and body posture. The way you present yourself and the others view you is a part of the nonverbal communication process. Both oral and written communication styles attain perfection with the usage of nonverbal cues. The meaning of a text can be communicated to the listeners and readers through nonverbal signals. Verbal signs and nonverbal cues together in the right proportion can pave the way for meaningful communication (Peng, 2011). Nonverbal cues play a vital role in the success of effective communication. Nonverbal signals operate at two levels. Nonverbal cues in writing which involves features like, headings, titles, subheadings, photographs, captions, figures, graphs, and bar charts etc Whereas oral communication involves nonverbal signals like eye contact, gestures, posture, facial expressions, tone of voice and body language. Both oral and written nonverbal cues can form a dynamic feature of nonverbal communication to ensure effective communication (Subapriya, 2009). Without effective nonverbal communication the message sent can be misunderstood. Conclusion Demonstrative communication involves sending and receiving messages that are used to inform, correct, educate, and share emotions. If the communication process is ineffective it has the influence and power to hurt, confuse, mislead, and even hinder the receivers and the senders rather it is verbal or nonverbal. Good communication skills are the key to an individual’s success in life and in this growing economy and globalized world. Nonverbal behavior alone would not communicate the intended meaning. Complementing nonverbal message changes the meaning of the verbal message by adding additional insights or information. Both oral and written communication styles attain perfection with the usage of nonverbal cues. The key to effective communication is the shared understanding of the information between the receiver and sender. It involves the shared understanding of thoughts, feelings, wants needs, and the intentions of the communicators, which may not be openly expressed with wor ds. The communication process is completed when the receiver understands the message being sent by the sender. References Cheesebro, T., Rios, F., OConnor, L. (2010). Communicating in the Workplace. Prentice- Hall, MD: Pearson Education, Inc.. Harvard Business School. (2012). Faculty Research, Amy J.C. Cuddy. Retrieved from http://drfd.hbs.edu Papa, J. (2012). Effective and Ineffective Communication. Retrieved from http://ehow.com Peng, H. (August, 2011). Effects of Non-Verbal Communication on College English Classrooms Teachings. US-China Foreign Language, 9(8), 505-516. Subapriya, K. K. (2009, June). The Importance of Non-Verbal Cues. ICFIA Journal of Soft Skills, 3(2), 37-42.