Core Values-Nestle Essay Example

Guiding principle Nestle Paper Guiding principle and Intercultural Management Sep 29,2007 00:00 by administrator Core Values and Intercultural Management Case Study: Nestle In 2001, Nestle was the biggest and most broadened food organization on the planet, with about 500 manufacturing plants in excess of 100 nations. Truth be told, over the period 1867â€2000 it outperformed other food producers and buyers of horticultural crude materials in size of activities. More than 230,000 individuals overall work in Nestles plants, look into labs and workplaces. In 1999 Nestle created an all out salary of 4,007 million Swiss francs. This contextual investigation depends on a progression of meetings with conspicuous Nestle directors occupied with fortifying Nestles fundamental beliefs. Niels Christiansen, Vice President, Public Affairs of Nestle SA, clarifies that despite the fact that 98 percent of Nestle activities are outside Switzerland, the organization despite everything started in Switzerland. The corporate central station is situated in Switzerland. Thus some Swiss social qualities are a vital piece of Nestle basic beliefs. Numerous Swiss qualities are implanted in the Nestle General Management and Leadership Principles and the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. These Principles reflect Nestles essential corporate qualities, however a portion of the Swissness of the organization also. What has been depicted as the Swissness of the organization alludes to the down to business and resultsoriented nature of the Principles. The Nestle General Management and Leadership Principles are introduced for our situation concentrate on interchanges and intercultural the executives (see Chapter 2). The case on page 87 repeats the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. Settle CORPORATE BUSINESS PRINCIPLES Nestle is focused on the accompanying industry standards in all nations considering nearby enactment, culture and strict practice: We will compose a custom paper test on Core Values-Nestle explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Core Values-Nestle explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Core Values-Nestle explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Settles business objective, and that of the board and representatives at all levels, is to fabricate and advertise the companys items so as to make esteem that can be continued over the long haul for clients, investors, workers, colleagues and the enormous number of national economies in which Nestle works. Settle doesn't support momentary benefit to the detriment of effective long haul business advancement, however perceives the need to create benefit every year so as to keep up the help of the money related markets, and to fund speculations. Settle accepts that, when in doubt, enactment is the best protect of moral lead, in spite of the fact that in specific regions, extra direction to the executives and representatives, as deliberate business standards, is helpful so as to guarantee that the best expectations are met all through the association. Settle is aware of the way that the achievement of an organization is an impression of the polished methodology, direct and moral estimations of its administration and workers, thusly enrollment of the correct individuals and continuous preparing and advancement are urgent. Settle perceives that shoppers have a genuine enthusiasm for the organization behind the Nestle brands, and the manner by which the Nestle organization works. Despite the fact that basic beliefs can be engendered over a multicultural company in an assortment of ways, Nestle receives certain methodologies that are normal for it. These methodologies have been utilized reliably and for an impressive period of time, despite the fact that the companys different Principles have been recorded as of late. One significant methodology is cautious and careful determination of work force. This methodology has been revered in the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. Potential workers are surveyed with respect to whether they have the traits that would empower them to fit into the Nestle lifestyle. An evaluation is additionally made of whether they can accomplish total combination into Nestle culture after some time. Settles choice procedure has been compelling to such an extent that the majority of its workers have sought after a lifetime profession, spreading over in any event 30 years with the organization. This lifetime relationship with Nestle empowers representatives to totally soak up and operationalize the Nestle basic beliefs. Moreover, newcomers are given broad instructing just as preparing, to guarantee that they completely comprehend Nestles basic beliefs. Both the Nestle Management and Leadership Principles report and the Nestle Corporate Business Principles record contain individual messages from the CEO. The CEO, just as every ranking director, clarify that they anticipate that all representatives should buy in to and execute the organization guiding principle. Obviously, individuals from the top administration echelon likewise live the basic beliefs themselves with the goal that they fill in as good examples. Settle utilizes widely another way to proliferate its basic beliefs: its worldwide administration framework. Individuals from this unit go from nation to nation filling in as directors in various Nestle branches. These global administration framework chiefs guarantee that the Nestle guiding principle are systematized at all Nestle areas. They involve a noteworthy extent of the key situations at all Nestle branches, and can thusly apply a huge measure of impact. All supervisors of Nestle, independent of ethnic inception or geographic area, are a piece of the Nestle culture and offer a similar basic beliefs. Furthermore, by pivot, they invest some energy at the Nestle home office in Vevey, Switzerland. During the underlying phases of their vocation, Nestle representatives (from everywhere throughout the world) go to private preparing programs at Vevey, which are of roughly one months term. These projects strengthen the basic beliefs which Nestle representatives have just acclimatized. They additionally make Nestle workers understand that paying little mind to where they are from, they all offer these basic beliefs. Despite the fact that Nestles guiding principle are the magic that binds every one of its supervisors appropriated across in excess of 100 nations, the organization is likewise touchy to neighborhood societies. Brabeck, CEO of Nestle, has commented, Since Nestles exercises in Switzerland, its nation of birthplace, represent under 2 percent of its worldwide turnover, Nestle learned right on time to regard the social, political and social customs of all nations in which the items are created and sold, and to be an exceptionally decentralized individuals and items situated organization instead of a frameworks arranged organization. The fascinating inquiry that introduces itself is, how does Nestle deal with the argument between having very much settled in guiding principle, and regarding national societies? Vietnam is a nation wherein Nestle has built up a branch as of late (in 1996). It is a provoking nation where to begin tasks. In the main case, it is a socialist nation with a state controlled market. Moreover, the social ethos and feeling of Vietnam are very one of a kind. At the point when Nestle began its branch in Vietnam, it needed to implant and regulate its fundamental beliefs there without any preparation. Settles starting advance was to decipher the two reports, Nestle Management and Leadership Principles, and Nestle Corporate Business Principles, into Vietnamese. During interpretation, it was discovered that a few ideas couldn't be deciphered actually. Exacting interpretations would prompt some loss of expected importance. Consequently, a portion of the ideas were clarified utilizing Vietnamese representations and images. For instance, plan of action was made to the similitude of the family. The kind of relationship that Nestle anticipates from workers was contrasted with the kind of relationship that exists between relatives. The significance of cooperation and camaraderie was in like manner pushed by reference to family esteems. In this manner, a record was made particularly for Nestle Vietnam that exemplified the Nestle fundamental beliefs in the nearby saying. This record is given to each worker who joins the branch. Before workers can join Nestle Vietnam, they need to fulfill the enlistment rules. This incorporates whether the imminent workers can comprehend and welcome the basic beliefs of Nestle, and adjust themselves to these guiding principle. People who will be not able to operationalize Nestle basic beliefs, in view of either their experience or their character, are screened out. The foundation of a planned representative is altogether checked. This is to find out what sorts of impact have molded that person. At Nestle branches that have been in presence for quite a while, significant independence is given to line directors in the matter of enrollment. In fire up branches like Nestle Vietnam, in any case, the HR office and top administration are firmly engaged with the enlistment procedure. They concede into their crease just those people who can buy in to Nestle fundamental beliefs. Settle accepts that if workers are insufficient in specialized abilities, yet have the proper perspectives and qualities, they can be prepared and get familiar with those aptitudes. Then again, values are progressively hard to change. In the event that imminent representatives have mentalities contrary with Nestles basic beliefs, at that point no measure of instructing can effectively align them with Nestles desires. One of the basic beliefs of Nestle is that its representatives ought to have intercultural capabilities and have the option to connect adequately with individuals from everywhere throughout the world. Thus, as a major aspect of the enrollment procedure at Nestle Vietnam, planned workers mentalities to outsiders are surveyed. Additionally evaluated is the way they see individuals from different pieces of Vietnam. Inclination is given to forthcoming representatives who are lenient and liberal reasoning, and have understanding of partner with individuals from jumpers

Ithaca by C.P. Cavafy Essay -- Ithaca C.P. Cavafy Greek Poetry Essays

Ithaca by C.P. Cavafy Everybody is allowed the chance to take the odyssey such is reality, anyway it is critical to make the excursion as significant as one can. The sonnet Ithaca by C.P. Cavafy recommends that what is generally significant in life is the experience that is consolidated with the excursion, not really simply coming to the extreme objective. It is the mission, not the goal which matters most. This message is passed on through the sonnet using implication, legend and imagery. The sonnet, Ithaca, is based freely around the extraordinary epic the Odyssey by old Greek writer Homer. In the Odyssey the character Odysseus attempting to advance home to his realm, Ithaca. The character faces numerous horrible animals and different difficulties he should suffer so as to make it to the last objective. This is insinuated in the sonnet, by making reference to one of the characters beginning on [his] excursion to Ithaca (line 1). C.P. Cavafy additionally alludes to fanciful animals, for example, the Cyclopes and the wild Poseidon (line 5), just as the Lestrygonians (li...

Are Some Racial Groups More Likely to Develop PTSD

Are Some Racial Groups More Likely to Develop PTSD Researchers have been very interested in answering the question of whether or not there are ethnic and racial differences in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To answer some of these questions, a group of researchers interviewed more than 5,000 people from different racial groups across the United States. They wanted to learn more about the co-occurrence of different mental disorders, as well as whether or not people are equally likely to have a certain disorder, such as PTSD, depending on their age, sex, marital status, or race or ethnicity. Race/Ethnicity Differences in PTSD A persons race or ethnicity was not found to influence whether or not he had PTSD at some point in his life. However, other differences were found. African Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans tended to report having experienced fewer traumatic events as compared to European Americans and Latinos. Despite this, African Americans, Asian Americans and Native Americans were all more likely to develop PTSD after experiencing a traumatic event as compared to European Americans and Latinos. Ones Race Does Not Lead to PTSD Overall, a person is not more likely to develop PTSD just because of her racial or ethnic background. However, it seems as though that being from a minority group (with the exception of Latinos) is connected with increased likelihood (or risk) for having PTSD after experiencing a traumatic event. Although some other researchers have found that people from minority groups are more likely to develop PTSD after a traumatic event, this does not seem to be solely about a persons racial or ethnic identification. Instead, people from some minority groups may be more likely to have other characteristics (or risk factors) that increase the likelihood that they will develop PTSD after a traumatic experience. These risk factors may include less access to mental health care or the experience of more severe traumas when they do experience a traumatic event. A Combination of Race and Risk Factors Increases PTSD Vulnerability A persons racial or ethnic background seems to influence the development of PTSD only to the extent that other risk factors are present. Simply being black, Asian or from a certain racial or ethnic background appears not to increase the likelihood that a person will develop PTSD. It is important for people to be aware of which factors increase the likelihood that PTSD will develop. In doing so, steps can be taken to reduce the likelihood of PTSD after experiencing a traumatic event. Seeking social support or psychological treatment after a traumatic event may help to counteract these risk factors. Pursuing mental health care is still taboo in and outside of communities of color, but obtaining counseling or psychiatric services may lower ones risk of developing PTSD and other mental health problems. If you dont know where to get help, speak with a physician, a clergy member or search online to find the resources available in your community. Needing mental health services is no reason to feel ashamed. Its an important form of self-care.

Fear And Anxiety During Labour And Birth Essay - 1541 Words

Providing continuous physical and emotional support during labour can reducing maternal fear, stress, and anxiety and protect physiological birth (Steen, 2012). Research shows that fear and anxiety during labour and birth can be detrimental to physiological birth. An environment that women feel unsafe in may stimulate a surge of neuro-hormones that can influence both fetal and maternal physiology, causing irregularity of contractions, fetal distress and subsequent medical inteverntions (Fahy Parratt, 2006). Conversly, maintaining an environment where women feel safe, protected and supported can facilitate favourable physiological performance (Fahy Parratt, 2006). Midwives can do this by giving women one-on-one continuous support and placing her at the centre of care throughout childbirth (Steen, 2012). As observed in practice, by constantly reassuring the woman about her progress, her baby’s health and addressing any of her concerns, the midwife can provide a calm and relaxi ng environment that is conducive to the labouring woman (Buckley, 2015; Steen, 2012). The midwife worked with the woman, encouraging her throughout labour and birth by telling her that she was doing extremely well. The midwife also breathed in-tune with the woman while giving her a back massage, inducing a sense of comfort. The atmosphere was calm and this contributed to the woman garnering confidence in her ability to avoid medical pain relief. Downe (2008) noted that the positive impact ofShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Pethidine As A Pharmaceutical Method For Pain Relief Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesdepression and urine retention, known as side effects. 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Article Review on Using What We Know about Language and...

The following paper is article review of the article titled: Using What We Know about Language and Literacy Development for ESL Students in the Mainstream Classroom by Susan Watts-Taffe and Diane M. Truscott. In the article Watts-Taffe and Truscott draw on the latest research in language learning and ESL to offer guidance to our readers for teaching second-language learners in integrated settings (Watts-Taffe Truscoot, n.d.). The article focuses on the following: what we know about literacy development, what we know about language proficiency and literacy development, what we know about entering a new culture, facilitating English language literacy development, and scaffolding instruction. Discussed under the section titled â€Å"What We Know About Literacy Development† Watts-Taffe and Truscott discuss what research shows about how children become literate. It seems that some of the most powerful lessons addressed such as language learning proceeds best when children use lang uage for meaningful purposes (Au, 1998) and what constitutes meaningful language use is influenced by an individuals prior experience, culture, motivation, and goals (Delpit, 1995) are all beneficial in literacy development to both native English speakers and students learning English as a second language (Carrasquillo Rodriguez, 1996; Donato, 1994; Fitzgerald Noblit, 1999; Perez, 1998a). This research shows that if a teacher integrates different strategies into the curriculum, it will not only

“How does Alice Walker’s stories represents heritage conflict in the 1970s Free Essays

Alice Walker is a contemporary Afro-American writer who is renowned for her feminist beliefs and the way in which she reflects her views of the heritage of black American women in her prose and stories. This essay explores two of Walker’s works, Roselily and Everyday Use, both of which appeared in Walker’s collection of short stories entitled, In Love and Trouble in 1973. The paper examines the way in which the heritage conflict of the 1970s is represented and symbolized in both of these stories. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"How does Alice Walker’s stories represents heritage conflict in the 1970s? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Alice Walker’s short story Everyday Use, appeared in her. The story was predominantly concerned with the concept of heritage and addresses the way in which traditional values, culture and beliefs can be lost as a result of the pressure or desire to fit into other cultures and belief systems. Within the story conflicting views of the importance of heritage are presented through the characters of the prose and the way in which they interact with the everyday items of their home. In Roselily the theme of heritage is perhaps a little more subtle, with the story containing other, more prominent themes such as isolation and loneliness, male domination and inner turmoil. This story tells the tale of Roselily, an African America woman who is to marry a Muslim man and centers around her thoughts and feelings as the wedding takes place. In Everyday Use, the story is told through the eyes of Mama and key messages and statements are made through the representation of her two daughters, Dee and Maggie. Whereas Mama represents a solid, cautious and thoughtful character, Dee is portrayed as frivolous and superficial, someone who is unable to look beyond the surface of the world in which she lives. Her actions and behavior have a profound effect on her sister who appears to walk in Dee’s shadow feeling ugly and worthless. The main characters of Roselily and, as with Mama in Everyday Things, everything is told from her perspective. Whilst the man to whom she will marry is mentioned, he is never named, his presence in the story is there to represent a new life for Roselily, away from her past and her freedom: â€Å"She thinks of ropes, chains, handcuffs, his religion† (Walker, 1). In both pieces of writing the views of the individual characters are utilized to ensure that the importance of the heritage of Afro-Americans is not only recognized but that it is understood in the correct way. In Everyday Things the story is structured around the way in which each of the three characters views their heritage. Dee, successful and intelligent, feels the need to be progressive and modern and expresses embarrassment of her past. She feels that anything that occurred in her past is irrelevant to her current and future life and appears to pick and choose the elements of her background with which she wishes to affinitize herself with. Her African background, for example, exists to her as something through which she can achieve aesthetic or artistic objectives. An example of this can be seen in the way she changes her name from what she believes to be an American name, Dee, to Wangero Leewamika Kemanjo. Although here her intentions are to try and associate herself with her tradition and background there is an irony to her rejection of the name Dee that, in itself, was more closely aligned with her African roots than she recognized. Further evidence of Dee’s superficial embracement of her African culture can be seen within her appearance and the way in which she attempts to affiliate herself with her African background and make a statement about the culture from whence she originated: â€Å"A dress down to the ground, yellows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. Earrings gold, too. Bracelets dangling and making noises. † (183, Walker). Dee is represented very differently from her sister and her mother and it is clear that their unique perceptions are purposely used by Alice Walker to represent conflicting views of heritage. This is played out through their relationship with the various items that are present in the family home. Whilst not of any financial value, the value that each of the characters places upon them is of significance. The quilts can be used as an example of this. Despite the fact that they have no monetary value to speak of, each daughter would like to have them. Dee sees them as something that she can display in her city residence. They act as a mechanism through which she hopes she can show off her African background to her family and friends. For Maggie, they are everyday objects that she needs to use to survive whilst living in her current circumstances: â€Å"there are no real windows, just some hole cut in the side with rawhide holding the shutters up on the outside† (Walker, 90). Despite their tatty appearance, the quilts are still of use to her in keeping her warm. Mama sees even further into the quilts, for her they represent her past and hold valuable memories of her family: â€Å"In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bits and pieces of Grandpa Jarrell’s Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra’s uniform that he wore during the Civil War’ (Walker, 93). The quilts represent the history and heritage of the family and the struggles they have endured and overcome in order to survive in their current state. However, through the actions of Mama when she gives the quilts to Maggie, Alice Walker demonstrates her belief that heritage isn’t something to preserved and worshiped as something of the past. It is a living, breathing element of life as it continues to develop and flourish; not in Africa but in present day USA. In Roselily, the writing is structured entirely around the thoughts of the protagonist and she goes through the wedding ceremony. She is looking to her heritage, and her past, in order to make sense of her present and what may become of her in the future. Although the wedding and accompanying issues pertaining to women and their relationship with men takes forefront, the story also contains strong messages about the history and heritage of afro-American women. The story takes place at a time where the rights of blacks and whites in America were considered to be equal. Walker, however, does not seem to be in agreement with this and Roselily’s thoughts and stories clearly depict the lives of black women as being slaves to both men and to the system. For Roselily this is captured by her arduous work in the sewing factory and the many unsuccessful relationships she has had. Despite the civil rights movement she remains a substandard citizen, there appears to be no equality for African-American women. Whilst Roselily yearns for something better for herself and her children, she does not know how this can be achieved, â€Å"Her place will be in the home he has said, repeatedly, promising her rest she had prayed for. But now she wonders. When she is rested, what will she do? † (Walker, 1). Her situation can be seen to be reflective of the turmoil of her ancestor’s past. Her recognition that she needs more but her inability to recognize how she can achieve this is reminiscent of the black civil rights movements and the plight of the black people in their inability to recognize how they have a presence in America whilst maintaining their history and who they were. Whilst the men of this society seem to have achieved their objective of freedom and rights, the women are still struggling and fighting wars of their own. Both Roselily and Everyday Uses can be seen as representative of Alice Walker’s view of what it is to be an African-American. She believes that to be such to be to be both African and American: â€Å"to deny the American side of one’s heritage is disrespectful of one’s ancestors and, consequently, harmful to one’s self†. (White, 2001). In Everyday Uses Dee sees her African background as something that can make her American self more interesting and appealing to her peers and friends. Her sister, on the other hand, is concentrated on the here and now. She can recognize all too well the struggles of the past and wants to utilize as something she can build upon in order to survive the future. In Roselily the negative impact of the consolidation of Africa and American traditions upon African American women is represented and is more vividly portrayed. Roselily is a women whose past means that she is unable to see a future for herself that doesn’t depend upon the economic support of a man. The fact that the man to whom she is married remains unnamed throughout the story clearly reflects Alice Walker’s concerns lie firmly with women. References: Walker, Alice. In Love Trouble: Stories of Black Women. New York: Harvest Books, 2003. White, David. â€Å"White. Aâ€Å"Everyday UseA†: Defining African-American Heritage.. † Luminarium: Anthology of English Literature. 3 Apr. 2009 http://www. luminarium. org/contemporary/alicew/davidwhite. htm. White, Evelyn C.. Alice Walker: A Life. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005. Wood, Kerry Michael. â€Å"Literary analysis: African-American women and heritage in Everyday Use, by Alice Walker – by Kerry Michael Wood – Helium. † Helium – Where Knowledge Rules. 3 Apr. 2009 http://www. helium. com/items/1229309-conflicting-notions-of-afro-american-heritage-reflected-in-everyday-use-by-alice-walker. How to cite â€Å"How does Alice Walker’s stories represents heritage conflict in the 1970s?, Papers

Problem Solution free essay sample

Air pollution  is the introduction of  chemicals,  particulate matter, or  biological materials  that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the  natural environment  or  built environment, into the  atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet  Earth. Stratospheric  ozone depletion  due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earths  ecosystems. A substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and the environment is known as an air pollutant. Pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. In addition, they may be natural or man-made. [2] Pollutants can be classified as primary or secondary.  Usually, primary pollutants are directly emitted from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption, the  carbon monoxide  gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Solution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. An important example of a secondary pollutant is  ground level ozone  Ã¢â‚¬â€ one of the many secondary pollutants that make up photochemical smog. Some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: that is, they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary pollutants. About 4 percent of deaths in the United States can be attributed to air pollution, according to the Environmental Science Engineering Program at the Harvard School of Public Health. [citation needed] MAJOR PRIMARY POLLUTANTS PRODUCED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY INCLUDE: * Sulfur oxides  (SOx) especially sulphur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO2. SO2  is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulphur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. 2] This is one of the causes for concern over the environmental impact of the use of these fuels as power sources. * Nitrogen oxides  (NOx) especially  nitrogen dioxide  are emitted from high temperature combustion. Can be seen as the brown haze dome above or  plume  downwind of cities. Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula NO2 . It is one of the several nitrogen oxides. This reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor. NO2  is one of the most prominent air pollutants. * Carbon monoxide   is a colourless, odorless, non-irritating but very poisonous gas. It is a product by  incomplete combustion  of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide. * Carbon dioxide  (CO2) a colourless, odorless, non-toxic  greenhouse gas  associated with  ocean acidification, emitted from sources such as combustion, cement production, and  respiration * Volatile organic compounds   VOCs are an important outdoor air pollutant. In this field they are often divided into the separate categories of methane (CH4) and non-methane (NMVOCs). Methane is an extremely efficient greenhouse gas which contributes to enhanced global warming. Other hydrocarbon VOCs are also significant greenhouse gases via their role in creating ozone and in prolonging the life of methane in the atmosphere, although the effect varies depending on local air quality. Within the NMVOCs, the aromatic compounds benzene, toluene and xylene are suspected carcinogens and may lead to leukemia through prolonged exposure. 1,3-butadiene is another dangerous compound which is often associated with industrial uses. * Particulate matter   Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM) or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas. In contrast, aerosol refers to particles and the gas together. Sources of particulate matter can be man made or natural. Some particulates occur naturally, originating from volcanoes, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation, and sea spray. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants and various industrial processes also generate significant amounts of aerosols. Averaged over the globe, anthropogenic aerosols—those made by human activities—currently account for about 10 percent of the total amount of aerosols in our atmosphere. Increased levels of fine particles in the air are linked to health hazards such as heart disease,[3]altered lung function and lung cancer. * Persistent free radicals  connected to airborne fine particles could cause cardiopulmonary disease. [4][5] * Toxic  metals, such as  lead,  cadmium  and  copper. * Chlorofluorocarbons  (CFCs) harmful to the  ozone layer  emitted from products currently banned from use. * Ammonia  (NH3) emitted from agricultural processes. Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous. * Odors  Ã¢â‚¬â€ such as from garbage, sewage, and industrial processes * Radioactive pollutants   produced by  nuclear explosions, war  explosives, and natural processes such as the  radioactive decay  of  radon. SECONDARY POLLUTANTS INCLUDE: Particulate matter formed from gaseous primary pollutants and compounds in photochemical smog. Smog is a kind of air pollution; the word smog is a portmanteau of smoke and fog. Classic smog results from large amounts of coal burning in an area caused by a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide. Modern smog does not usually come from coal but from vehicular and industrial emissions that are acted on in the atmosphere by  ultrav iolet  light from the sun to form secondary pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog. * Ground level ozone  (O3) formed from NOx  and VOCs. Ozone (O3) is a key constituent of the troposphere. It is also an important constituent of certain regions of the stratosphere commonly known as the Ozone layer. Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive many of the chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere by day and by night. At abnormally high concentrations brought about by human activities (largely the combustion of fossil fuel), it is a pollutant, and a constituent of smog. * Peroxyacetyl nitrate  (PAN) similarly formed from NOx  and VOCs. Minor air pollutants include: * A large number of minor  hazardous air pollutants. Some of these are regulated in USA under the  Clean Air Act  and in Europe under the Air Framework Directive. * A variety of  persistent organic pollutants, which can attach to particulate matter. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Because of this, they have been observed to persist in the environment, to be capable of long-range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, biomagnify in food chains, and to have potential significant impacts on human health and the environment.

Macbeth Essays - Creative Works, Characters In Macbeth, Films

Macbeth Essays - Creative Works, Characters In Macbeth, Films In Shakespeare's tragedy, Macbeth, the characters and the roles they play are critical to its plot and theme, and therefore many of Shakespeare's characters are well developed and complex. Two of these characters are the protagonist, Macbeth, and his wife, Lady Macbeth. They play interesting roles in the tragedy, and over the course of the play, their relationship changes and their roles are essentially switched . At the beginning of the play, they treat each other as equals. They have great concern for each other, as illustrated when Macbeth races to tell Lady Macbeth the news about the witches and she immediately begins plotting how to gain for her husband his desire to be king. At this point, Lady Macbeth is the resolute, strong woman, while Macbeth is portrayed as her indecisive, cowardly husband. He does have ambition, but at this point, his conscience is stronger than that ambition. Lady Macbeth explains this char acteristic of her husband in Act I, Scene v, when she says, "Yet do I fear thy nature; it is too full o' th ' milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way." The next stage of change developing in the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is in Act II. This is the act in which Macbeth kills King Duncan. Macbeth's character change is apparent because it is obvious that he has given in to his ambition and has murdered the king. He is not entirely changed, though, because he is almost delirious after he has committed the crime. He exclaims, "Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, making the green one red." He believes that instead of the ocean cleaning his hands, his hands would turn the ocean red. Macbeth's role has changed somewhat but not entirely, since he has committed the crime but his conscience is still apparent afte r the murder. Lady Macbeth's role similarly changes somewhat in Act II. The reader sees a crack in her strong character when she tells Macbeth in Scene ii of Act II that she would have murdered Duncan herself if he had not resembled her father as he slept. Her boldness is still evident, though, when she calms Macbeth after the murder and believes "a little water clears us of this deed." Unlike the roles of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, their relationship remains unchanged from Act I to II. Their relationship is still very close as seen through Duncan's murder - a product of teamwork. At the end of Act III, both the roles and the relationship of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have reached the final stage of their change. Now that Duncan is dead and Macbeth is hopelessly headed toward a life of immorality, Lady Macbeth fades into the background. Macbeth takes it upon himself in Act III to plot Banquo's murder without consulting his wife because he wants to protect her from the corruption that he has involved himself with. His role is now completely changed and there is no turning back for him. As Macbeth goes off on his own course during this time, Lady Macbeth's guilt is overwhelming and, cut off from him, she descends into madness. Her guilt emerges in Act III, Scene ii when she says she would rather be dead, and it grows from then on until her death. Lady Macbeth's character change is also evident in Act III, Scene ii when she backs out of Macbeth's mysterious murder plan and tell s him, "You must leave this." The relationship between the couple is being torn apart by this time in Macbeth. They are headed in separate directions - Macbeth towards a life of evil and Lady Macbeth towards insanity and grief. As Shakespeare developed the characters of Macbeth and his wife, their changing roles ironically ended up resembling the other one's role. At the beginning of the tragedy, Macbeth was the hesitant character with a strong conscience, while Lady Macbeth was powerful and firm. However, by the time these two characters were completely changed, Macbeth ended up being decisive and greedy, as Lady Macbeth turned out to be weak since her guilty conscience drove her

Top 10 most stressful jobs of 2018

Top 10 most stressful jobs of 2018 All jobs have components that make them stressful- even the ones that don’t seem like very high-stakes occupations. Certain scenarios or times of the year come up and it’s a mad sprint requiring late nights and all hands on deck. Then there are the jobs that just don’t seem to ever let up. Here 10 of the most stressful jobs out there for 2018- based on deadline demands, public scrutiny, required travel, physical risk, physical demands, environmental conditions, hazards, and public interaction. See if any of them call out to you- maybe you crave a life of pressure! Or†¦ maybe a career in a cubicle sounds just lovely to you. It takes all kinds to make up the workforce!1. Enlisted military personnelWith an average salary of $30k, constantly putting your life at risk, all over the world, makes the military one of the most stressful careers out there.2. FirefighterYour job is starting to look pretty cushy, when you consider that for less than $50k a year, on aver age, some people have to run into burning buildings on the regular. And you thought that big project was really making you stressed!3. Airline pilotWith a median income of just about $105K per year, airline pilots are well compensated for the stress of ferrying hundreds upon hundreds of souls around the globe.4. Police officerMaking about $60K per year, just a bit more than a firefighter based on median income, police officers are also under a great deal of stress and risk their lives on a daily basis.5. Event coordinatorEvent coordinators may not risk their  lives or limbs, but they are still the people  left holding the bag when anything- major or minor- goes wrong. If the hors d’oeuvres come out five minutes late- or early- or if the band has the wrong cord to connect their amp, or if there is a typo in the invitations†¦ You name it, they  bear the brunt of the yelling. These aren’t life threatening stakes, but the stress is almost always at a high.6. PR execPublic relations executives are responsible for the reputations and the fame-level of their clients. They don’t just have to manage logistics, they have to manage perception and public opinion. And that takes a lot of nail biting. Especially when their clients do something that requires the putting out of fires (albeit, of course, not literal fires).7. Senior corporate execIf you’ve made it to the top of your company tree, it’s not all big bonuses and stock options. With every rung up the ladder comes a great deal more pressure. And with pressure comes†¦ you guessed it, stress.8. BroadcasterFor a surprisingly low annual median salary of less than $40k per year, a broadcaster is required to clearly and calmly read the news from a teleprompter often riddled with typos. She must be poised and in control at all times, as all of   the action unfolds live. You think public speaking is hard? Try doing it every day on television.9. Newspaper reporterYou wonâ €™t make a lot of money, and you’ll have to run headlong into potentially dangerous or volatile situations to get a story. And once you get it, you have to race to get it published first. On top of that, if you make one mistake you’ll have lost your reputation.10. Taxi driverThis gig is perhaps the least well-paid of the top 10, with a median pay of $24K per year. Taxi drivers have to deal with rude people, drunk people, and people in a rush- not to mention other lunatic drivers, rush hour traffic, accidents, and weather. Plus they’re stuck in a car. Imagine trying to find a parking space in NYC every time you had to pee! It’s also a field that is getting extra pressure from rideshare companies like Uber and Lyft, so being a taxi driver is more stressful than ever these days.

How to implement a new strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to implement a new strategy - Essay Example In order to prove their point in their article, the authors present the analysis of two different companies, DuPont Engineering Polymers and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. These companies â€Å"used the tools of balanced scorecard strategy management to guide the decentralized units in their search for local gain even as they identified ways for them to contribute to corporate wide objectives† (Kaplan and Norton). Quite a few things need to be taken into consideration when a company picks a management system. The authors feel that developing a management system with a balanced scorecard framework is the best way to start with a successful system. Three things should be considered when doing this; the customer perspective, the financial perspective, and the learning and growth perspective. Prioritizing is also important. Several companies have successfully benefited from this approach by picking three to five strategic themes in order to prioritize the different enterprises of the company. Collecting these strategic themes and ideas can help to give the company focus on what it needs to both work on and focus on when developing its strategy. Some important themes can focus around customers; for example, the need to lower cost for customers, the need to attract other customers that may be beneficial to the business, and ways to make relationships with customers even more important by cross-sell ing or providing them with other services that they may need. Executive teams will need to identify strategic initiatives that support each theme and make sure that the resources, mainly the money and the manpower, are there to support each initiative. Scorecard based systems can be very effective for companies. They can help to measure performance and link together goals within the company. These themes help the corporation focus on its goals and priorities. In order to demonstrate this, the article moves into giving

Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chemistry - Essay Example Some toxins, such as mercury, persist in the environment and accumulate. Humans or animals often absorb them when they eat fish. Handling toxic waste carefully can prevent health dangers. Toxic waste incinerators, for example, often burn waste for energy, but this potentially releases toxic chemicals into the air. Household hazardous waste (HHW) is more than you think it is. What's been hiding in your garage or basement or under your kitchen sink can do serious damage to the environment. It can get into the water system. It can hurt plants, animals - and you. Recycling offers the next best solution to eliminating the use of toxic materials. Not only does recycling save companies money and time spent acquiring new materials, it also diverts waste away from disposal methods, such as burning, that could potentially leak toxins into the ground and air. Toxic waste, like used motor oil for example, often contains metallic debris that you can easily reclaim through filtration. Ultimately, humanity needs to curb its use of products with toxic chemicals to minimize their potential hazards. Go green... Save the Earth... Recycle waste; these kind of environmental slogans have been used for decades but one only pays heed to it when he/she comes to terms with or can relate to it. Earth is our home, our playground, our future.

Music As Therapy Essay -- Psychology Music

Music As Therapy There was never a question in my mind that music possesses a strong element to help people. It has always been a stress reliever in my life. There is research that supports the belief that music is an instrumental part or impact on a wider realm of physical and mental disorders or disabilities. Music is known to set the mood or atmosphere for all types of situations. There is extensive research completed on this subject. Just take a look around. When you look at a movie it is filled with just the right music at the right time to convey the way the writer/ director wants you to feel. Call any major corporation for customer service assistance and you will here hold music to make you feel less tense and patient. This usually has an adverse affect because we know what they’re trying to do. Music Therapy is the prescribed use of music and musical interventions to restore, maintain, and improve emotional, physical, physiological, and spiritual health and well-being. These are the key elements which define interventions as music therapy. Music Therapy is goal oriented and provides a system to work towards a specific therapeutic goal and objective. Goals identified can include communicative, academic, motor emotional and social skills. In the end the music development learned in the sessions hopefully have a relaxing, positive effect on the client’s physical, psychological and socio-economical functioning. Music Therapy became a profession in 1950 with the establishment of the National Association for Music Therapy and the American Association for Music Therapy Association. (AMTA) There were nonmusical goals set for the professional setting. â€Å"They included: improving communication skills, decreasing inappropriate ... ...day that music is powerful medicine. It has a great affect on tearing down the walls of silence and affliction of Alzheimer’s, depression, injuries, healing. And did you know that kids, who study the arts, do an average of forty points higher in math and science? Music education is superior to even computer instruction in enhancing early childhood mental capacity and special intelligence. Music therapists prove every single day that music is powerful medicine. (Richards Institute of Education and Research) Music is Magic. Works Cited American Music Therapy Association http://www.musictherapy.ort/faqs.html Holistic-Online http://www.holisticonline.com/stress/stress_music-therapy.htm Richards Institute of Education and Research http://www.educationthroughmusic.com/brainarticles.htm#Michael%20Green War child http://www.warchild.org/projects/cenre/methods.html

Plain View Doctrine Essay

Plain View Doctrine is in essence a weapon for the law enforcement officers to prove the legality of their search and seizure. (â€Å"Plain View Doctrine†) As a rule, law enforcement officers are bound by the 4th Amendment which requires that before they could conduct a search or arrest they must first secure a valid search warrant or arrest warrant. Any object seized in the absence of a search warrant will be inadmissible in evidence. One of the exceptions however to the search warrant requirement is the Plain View Doctrine. The plain view doctrine gives validity to any search and seizure made by law enforcement officers even in the absence of search warrant. Although this doctrine is widely recognized as an exception to the search warrant requirement under the 4th Amendment, in reality, the law enforcement officer who discovers an illegal contraband in plain view does not really conduct a search. Rather, the law enforcement officer merely seizes what was already in his plain view. In applying the plain view doctrine in this fact pattern, I give a qualified answer. There are two issues in this case whether the marijuana cigarettes which the police officer found near the stolen purse is admissible in evidence under the plain view doctrine and whether the powdery substance the police officer found in the baggies on a patio table is admissible in evidence under the plain view doctrine. In the first scenario, I argue that the marijuana cigarettes found on the ground together with the other contents of the stolen purse is admissible in evidence against its owner. The three requirements of the plain view doctrine are present in this case. Firstly, the police officer discovered the marijuana cigarettes using his sense of sight. Secondly, the officer had the right to be in the place where the item was seen. It must be stressed that the police officer who discovered the marijuana conducted a hot pursuit operation of a fleeing suspect. In the course of the chase, the suspect dropped the stolen purse spilling its contents. Thirdly, the marijuana cigarette was found outside the purse and its discovery was not a result of prying or examination of the police officer. Clearly, the marijuana cigarette is admissible against its owner. On the other hand, I argue that the powdery substance or the illegal drugs found in the baggies on top of the patio table is inadmissible in evidence for violation of the 4th Amendment. In this case, the first and third requirements of the plain view doctrine were complied with. The police officer discovered the illegal contraband using his sense of sight and that the discovery of the illegal drugs was not the result of prying or examination. The illegal drugs were merely inadvertently discovered by the police officer when he entered the yard of the owner. However, the second requirement was not complied with. In this case, the police officer had no right to be in the place where he saw the illegal drugs. It must be stressed that the plain view doctrine applies only when a lawful search is in progress or the officer was otherwise legally present at the place of the seizure. Following a long line of jurisprudence, among the possible reasons why a police officer may be considered to be legally present in a particular place is if a) he is serving a search warrant, b) he was in hot pursuit of a suspect; c) he made the entry through valid consent; d) he made a valid arrest with or without a warrant. The officer was not serving a search warrant since he had none. The officer was not also in hot pursuit of a suspect because when he entered the woman’s house the pursuit operation had ceased. At the time, the suspect was able to escape from him. There was no lawful consent coming from the owner when he entered the premises. At the time of the discovery, the police officer was not making a valid arrest with or without a warrant since there was no person to be arrested in the first place. Thus, I believe that this evidence is inadmissible in court. This is consistent with the ruling of the court in the case of Washington v. Chrisman (455 US 1), where the court ruled that the â€Å"The plain view doctrine, however, does not authorize an officer to enter a dwelling without a warrant to seize contraband merely because the contraband is visible from outside the dwelling†¦ the plain view doctrine applies only after a lawful search is in progress or the officer was otherwise legally present at the place of the seizure. The initial intrusion must be justified by a warrant, by an exception to the warrant requirement, or by other circumstances authorizing his presence. †(455 US 1)

Magic Rocks Crystal Growing Kit Review

Compare Prices Magic Rocks are a classic instant crystal growing kit. You pour a magic solution over magic rocks and a fanciful crystal garden starts growing as you watch. Are Magic Rocks worth trying? Heres my review of the Magic Rocks kit. What You Get What You Need There are different Magic Rock kits on the market. Some of them only include the Magic Rocks and the Magic Solution. I bought a kit that included a plastic display tank and some decorations. If you dont get a kit that includes a display tank, you will need a small plastic or glass bowl (a small fishbowl works). For any kit, you will need: room temperature water (~70 °F)measuring cupplastic spoon or wooden stick My Experience with Magic Rocks I grew Magic Rocks when I was a kid. I still think they are fun. They arent a fool-proof project, though. Success depends on one thing: following the directions! Read the directions before beginning this project. The exact instructions will depend on your kit, but they go something like this: Read the instructions.Mix the Magic Solution with the amount of water indicated in the instructions. Be sure the water is room temperature and not hold/cold. Mix the solution well (this is important).Place half of the Magic Rocks on the bottom of the display tank. The rocks should not touch each other or the sides of the tank.Pour in the diluted Magic Solution. If any of the rocks were disturbed, use ​a  plastic spoon or wooden stick to put them back in place. Do not use your finger!Set the container somewhere where it wont get bumped. This location should have a stable temperature and should be out of reach of young children and pets.Look! The crystals start growing immediately. Its pretty cool.About 6 hours later, add the other half of the Magic Rocks. Try to avoid landing them on each other or against the side of the container.After another 6 hours, carefully dump the Magic Solution down the drain. Flush this solution away with lots of water to be sure no one will acciden tally touch it.Gently fill the tank with clean room-temperature water. If the water is cloudy, you can replace the water a couple more times to cleanse the tank.At this point, your Magic Rocks are complete. You can top off the display tank with water to keep the crystal garden as long as you like. What I Liked and Didnt Like About Magic Rocks What I Liked Instant gratification. Crystals begin to grow as soon as you add the Magic Solution to the Magic Rocks. You dont have to wait around for something to happen.The crystal garden is beautiful. Nothing looks quite the same.The project is easy.You can keep your creation indefinitely. What I Didnt Like Magic Rocks are not non-toxic. The ingredients are harmful if swallowed, plus they are a skin and eye irritant. That makes them unsuitable for very young children. Keep them away from pets, too. It is safe to rinse the materials down the drain, but clean-up is a little more critical than with non-toxic projects.You can get poor results if you dont adhere to the instructions. If the rocks are too close together, your crystals will look flat and uninteresting. If your water is too warm or too cold your crystals will be too spindly to support themselves or will be stunted.The instructions dont explain the science behind how Magic Rocks work. In case you are wondering, you arent really growing crystals in this project. You are precipitating colored metal salts. Its still awesome. The Bottom Line Magic Rocks have been around since the 1940s and are still around today because this project is a lot of fun, is easy to do, and makes an interesting chemical garden. I might hold off on playing with Magic Rocks if I had very young children in the house (recommended age is 10), but otherwise, I think they are great. You could make your own Magic Rocks, but most kits are inexpensive. Magic Rocks are a memorable science project. Compare Prices

Student Loan Debt Has Become A Major Issue On The Campaign

With the 2016 presidential election looming in the near future, the subject of student loan debt has become a major issue on the campaign trail. The national amount of student loan debt is 1.08 trillion dollars, with 11.5% of that amount in default or in 90+ day delinquent. To put that in perspective, total consumer debt at the end of 2013 was 11.52 trillion .(Forbes, 2014) According to an in class poll, only 7 students out of 169 students were completely confident in their knowledge of student loans. However, if we had lower tuition and expenses students wouldn’t have to take a loan out in the first place. Many students are uneducated about student loans. When I say uneducated I mean that they have no idea what type of loan is best for them, how much they need to borrow, or where to get the loan. There are many resources out there about student loans, but there are not any requirements to review them before taking out a loan. Students are not required to have any knowledge ab out how the loans work. Students need to have the correct knowledge when applying for a loan, otherwise they may end up with too much debt or the wrong type of loan. A student should not start off their life outside of college in unnecessary debt. Going to a public four-year college should not cost you a fortune. If tuition and fees associated with going to college were lowered, then students would not have as much debt. On The University of Oklahoma’s websites, there is a break down of the averageShow MoreRelatedThe Occupy Wall Street Movement1625 Words   |  7 PagesStarted on September 17, 2011, the Occupy Wall Street Movement began in the Financial District of New York City and has received resonance in other American cities as well as to 82 other countries. 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How Do Emusic And Realnetworks Try And Target Their...

How do eMusic and RealNetworks try and target their customers? Emusic. EMusic’s success results from much more than just selling music, it’s what and how they use technology to get their customer s attention to meet their needs. Their relationship with their customers is based on a customer-focused marketing strategy. By trying and targeting their customers, eMusic use digital music service for independent-minded music collectors to satisfy online customer experiences. The thing that eMusic use to drives genuine value for their customer’s music is focusing on the independent-minded music lovers and collectors. The ‘Independents’ are defined by certain behaviors. Their musical tastes are more offbeat, as opposed to mainstream. They are also more passionate about music overall and are always actively seeking out music that’s new to them. 71% of the ‘Independents’ purchase digital music files online to own (Business Wire, 2011, p 1). RealNetworks. RealNetworks try and target their customer by creating products and services that make it easier for their customers to access and enjoy digital media on the devices and platforms they choose to use. Whether it s music, movies, games, live streaming video, or apps that help them keep close to their customers who matter most. RealNetworks thrives on giving people the fresh and entertaining experiences they deserve, whenever they want (RealNetworks, 2016, p. 1). How do eMusic and RealNetworks compete against other online music

Les Miserables Free Essays

string(137) " take a bullet to save someone else life, but even worse, when the guy you risked your life for doesn’t feel the same way towards you\." Page One The theme of this book is the importance of love and compassion, and social injustice. Three genres that affect the theme in Les Miserables are: Historical Research, Literary Analysis and Creative Element. The historical research gave you knowledge of the author, and what was going on when Victor Hugo was writing this book. We will write a custom essay sample on Les Miserables or any similar topic only for you Order Now The literary analysis allowed you to get content from the book and provided examples of the theme. The creative element allowed you to present it as how you pictured it. While doing the historical research I found out about Victor Hugo’s love life. It revealed that he had had an affair with a girl named Juliette while being married to Adele. He chooses to spend his life with Juliette instead Adele. In Victor’s life he was involved in politics and he had shared his views by being mayor in the book. The literary analysis provided examples from the book to show that the book had romanticism through tragedy. In the book Eponine dies for Marius by blocking the bullet that was headed towards him because she loved him. Jean Valjean dies because Cosette is taken away from him, because she has found another male figure in her life. The creative element had me put the facts I learned from the historical analysis of the author and the examples from the book from the literary analysis and put it in my own view. The genre that interested me the most was the Historical research because I found out about Hugo’s life that had me understand his views on topics. The most challenging genre was literary analysis because I had to provide 4 pages of evidence. Historical Research Paper Victor Hugo is a famous worldwide literary, that gained his fame through two of his major works The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Les Miserables. Victor was born in Besancon in 1802. Since he was young he had a calling for literary. At age 13 he had won numerous awards for his poems. During the 1820’s he was claimed as one of the leading figures of the French Romantic movement. Later his rank was greater due to his play â€Å"Hernani†. During the 1830’s Hugo focused in theatre. In this time he was having problems with his wife, Adele, so he began a relationship with an actress in one of his plays, Juliette Drouet. This relationship lasted fifty years. In 1841 he turned his focus on public and political issues, by becoming a Peer of France. Hugo started out as a monarchist, troubled about order being maintained. At first, Hugo welcomed and supported Louis Bonaparte. He later realized that his moral and political goals were not the same as his political associates. In 1851, after trying in vain to oppose the coup d’etat of the 2nd December, he and Juliette escaped the country to avoid arrest, and fled to Brussels. In his time there he published the mainstream of the works he is known for: Les Miserables, La Legende des siecles, William Shakespeare, L’Homme qui rit, and many others. One book very well known today is Les Miserables, which shows some of Hugo’s beliefs on the social and moral issues of the time. Victor Hugo had accomplished many things in his lifetime. Starting out as studying in law to becoming known as the heart of French Romanticism for being a poet, playwright, and novelist. Literary Analysis Victor Hugo once wrote â€Å"To die is nothing; but it is terrible not to live† (p. 345). The tragic elements in Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables enhance the plot, with many deaths and tragic scenes through the book. Most of these encounters happen to be for their loved ones and others are just heroic moves. These examples come from Fantine, Eponine, Javert, Fauchelevent, Cosette, and Valjean. In the beginning of the story, the first tragic part is Fantine having to leave her daughter behind in order for her to survive. She had turned to prostitution to survive at first, and this showed the damage that nineteenth-century French society cruelly affects the less fortunate. After Jean Valjean idea factory is set she decides to work there but they do not allow kids. She has to suffer and leave he daughter behind with strangers who to her seemed friendly and caring, to make sure Cosette has a good life. Fantine though gets very sick through malnutrition because all her money was going toward Cosette, but the shock of Jean Valjean being a criminal had killed her (p. 103). Then we find out that Cosette is being mistreated by the Thenardiers, She is treated worse that their dog, the dog is given more attention and care. The money that Fantine was sending the Thernadier is used for their own purposes. As Cosette get older, she becomes their slave and maid, doing whatever they command. It was sad seeing how badly a little innocent girl was being treated, because she did not deserve it, and couldn’t do anything about it being so young. As the treatment escalates overtime, Jean Valjean takes her away from the family and rescues her. â€Å"He expects you no longer† (p 165). This line has Marius in tears knowing he was to late. His father was expecting him, but he couldn’t hold on any longer and died. Marius has mix emotions at first, he started out mad because his father left him, but then he finds out that he didn’t leave him by choice. He left him because he was forced to and becomes devastated for not coming any sooner and for being angry with his father. â€Å"Did you see a musket aimed at you? † â€Å"Yes, and a hand which stopped it. † â€Å" That was mine. † (p. 288) These lines represent the amount of love Eponine had for Marius, she would even risk her life for him. When the bullet was directed towards Marius, Eponine stood in front of it. Its tragic for someone to take a bullet to save someone else life, but even worse, when the guy you risked your life for doesn’t feel the same way towards you. You read "Les Miserables" in category "Essay examples" The only thing that she asked of him was a kiss on her forehead. There was also a point when Cosette was near death. When she and Jean were running away from Javert, she becomes so cold and weak. If it weren’t for Fauchelevant she would have died then and there. Because Jean had saved his life he felt he had to return the favor and help him hide out in convent. After sometime Fauchelevant dies of old age and leaves his position as gardener to Jean. Javert is so preoccupied with enforcing society’s law and morals that he doesn’t notice he is living by mistaken beliefs. Though when Valjean finally gives Javert proof that a man is not essentially bad because the law says he is, Javert is unable to turn Jean in. When Javert couldn’t turn in Jean, he commits suicide, because he couldn’t live with himself. Javert could not live because he felt like he would live a dishonorable man by not turning in Jean, but Jean gave him a different point of view on criminals, which change his beliefs. One of Jean biggest fears was losing Cosette, and his fear shortly became reality. Cosette at first views herself as ugly but as she grows older her beauty starts to show, and she and others notice it as well. When Cosette stumbles across a young man named Marius, upon seeing each other they both can feel a connection. When Jean sees them looking at each other he starts to go out alone and has Cosette stay home. Then shortly he relocates them somewhere else, but their love is inseparable, and they both find each other again. When Cosette and Marius got together Jean delighted Marius, but when they get married Jean told him the truth about being an ex-convict. This had changed Marius view on Jean and he did not want his self or Cosette engaged in any activity with Jean. Jean’s fear had come true and he had lost Cosette to another man. This caused him to be very depressed with his self and unhappy in life because she was the one who taught him how to love and was the only one who had loved him and stood by his side throughout his life. Through this moment in time, Valjean became very depressed and lonely, that caused him to give up on life. He felt that no one cared for him anymore, but he was wrong. After Marius found out that he received all his money lawfully, he figured out that Jean was never really a bad guy, but misunderstood for the actions he had made long ago. When they go to his house they see how old he looks and sick and knew he was dead. â€Å"His white face looked up towards heaven, he let Cosette and Marius cover his hands with kisses; he was dead†. Javert, Fantine, and Eponine die, when they have finally realized that their dreams are not going to come true. Jean Valjean had died of old age and being lonely which caused him to not have the will to live. But then Cosette returns and he is happily ready to go. Though their deaths, other characters had changed their ways for the better. JEAN VALJEAN Creative Element: Journal Entry April 28, 1833- My last journal. I have had an incredible journey by always living on the run. Looking back at my life I could have had a normal life but I choose a different path. Although I look back and notice some stupid decisions I have made I wouldn’t have changed any of them. No one understands my life story. I started out as an innocent typical man, going to prison for stealing bread in order for my nieces and nephews to survive and have food. But then my time in prison affected me by changing my opinions on society. The criminals in prison had gotten to me and convinced me to hate society for what it has done to me. I had been committing action that I wasn’t proud of, but then I met Myriel who changed me forever, because she was the first person that loved me, so I promised her that I would become an honest man, and this was my turning point. My life was finally headed in the right direction. I managed to transform a town into a manufacturing center, which has taught me how to have compassion and generosity towards people. In my lifetime I have taken care of my own family, spent nineteen years in prison, then spent time recreating myself, then raising an incredible girl Cosette. After losing Cosette I had given up hope in living, but as soon as she came back I felt content with the adventurous life I have lived. I am a very old man and think my time is due and all I have left to say is â€Å"To die is nothing; but it is terrible not to live†. Works Cited † Victor Hugo. † 2012. Biography. com 28 Apr 2012, 03:34 http://www. biography. com/people/victor-hugo-9346557 â€Å"Victor Hugo. † Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. http://www. online-literature. com/victor_hugo/. â€Å"World Biography. † Victor Hugo Biography. Web. 28 Apr. 012. http://www. notablebiographies. com/Ho-Jo/Hugo-Victor. html Self-Review Page This was a very time consuming project due to its length and requirements. Throughout this essay I had strengths and weaknesses. I also had to make many decision on the topics that I choose to write about, because I choose each topic for a reason. My strengths in this project were pr oviding evidence in the literary analysis. Another strength of mine was I sympathizing and understanding Jean Valjean and being able to express that by writing a journal entry in his perspective for the creative element. Some of my weaknesses were providing enough information throughout the essay without repeating myself, and following all the instruction by tying them altogether. I have explanations to each of the topics I have chosen. I choose to write about Victor Hugo for the historical research because I believe that you need to know the background of the author to know where his points of views are coming from. As for the literary analysis I chose to write about tragedy because throughout the book there are very sad instances and some of those moments include death. How to cite Les Miserables, Essay examples

Public Health Policy Theoretical Framework

Question: Describe about the Public Health Policy for Theoretical Framework . Answer: Introduction: Development of a proper and justifiable theoretical framework is the first important step that a policy maker will adapt in order to design a particular public health policy. This is important in the sense that it will lead the policy makers to summarize all the important pros and cons that would be faced during the implementation thereby making the policy makers aware of the challenges and the demands that the situation requires. Moreover creating a theoretical framework also helps in the establishment of the clear motives and aims that would lead to a successful policy, including all necessary steps and actions and excluding any negative aspects that may help in the benefit of public. In such a scenario, policy making for the family and domestic violence in Australia also would require a theoretical framework that would result in holding this concerns faced by the victims and proper implementation of laws and legislatures fir successful inhibition, making people educated enough to handle situation more maturely (Anfara Martz, 2014). Theoretical framework and application: While designing the theoretical framework for the increasing family and domestic violence all over Australia, the first step would be to recognize the perpetrator and the victims and thereby understand the various kinds of violence and the dominancy that can be seen in every case. Recognizing the level and the extreme extent of violence that can occur in every of the cases, a proper monitoring system has to be developed along with proper categorization and the levels in which each of the cases has to be assigned (Dunn, 2015). A general policy for all the victims is not benefitting in the sense because it judges all the cases from the same sense of importance irrespective of the level of violence. Therefore, it is indeed importance that policies should be prepared aiming the growing complicacies of different cases (Sabatier Weible, 2014). Proper punishments or counseling (in case of complicated cases) of the perpetrators are also should be inculcated. The next important criteria is t hat proper governing Medias should be included such as proper police forces posted on emergency situations can perform their duties well, proper formation of emergency helpline in order to prevent violence and harm from perpetrators. Another important arena that should be covered during frame working the policies are the proper arrangement of the shelter homes and social communities that would act as the shelter places for the victims and also help them to come out of depression, shocks and fear (Kettner, Moroney Martin, 2016). Councilors should be appointed who would help the victims to come out from these incidences and start life afresh. Another thing that the policy can include is to provide small jobs to the victims so that they can support them financially and help them to achieve back their self-respect (Lin, 2012). This framework is believed to cover all the aspects of FDV that when implemented into a policy can be believed to bring out a successful and overall acceptance l eading to the benefit of the Australians. Proper conductance of surveys for the correct reporting of the cases is mandatory (Larkin, Felitti Andra, 2014) Identification of existing policies: Out of the various policies, that government has published in the recent years the one that has garnered attention is the The National plan to reduce Violence against women and Children that has been conducted with a plan for 2011 to 2022. Another policy introduced by department of prime minister and cabinet is also seen to cover a wide array of different aspects of family and domestic violence and treating the victims from the grass root of the cause and wide advantages for the victims who faced family violence (Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Australia, 2016). Family and Domestic violence strategy plan has been conducted by the department of human services with several aims to reduce FDV with a plan from 2016 to 2019. Western Australia Strategic plan has been implemented by the government of Western Australia that looks solely over the protection of children and intimate partners who had been seen to be most prone to get effected from FDV. This is introduced with a planni ng of 2009 to 2013 and has been reintroduced. Identification of Stakeholders groups: In the different policies that had been implemented in the FDV, cases a variety of stakeholders have been found to be involved. Apart from the victims starting from children, women, elders of the households etc. and the perpetrators, health care professionals, social workers arranging the communities, ministers and policy makers also take active part from the benefit of the nation and thereby reduce the frequency of violence (Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Australia, 2016). The police department along with ministers involved in the public health domain have shown much interest over the issue and taken active holds of the cases reported. Counselors involved in the development of mental stability of both the victim and the perpetrators appointed by the different agencies and social communities do commendable jobs, which are praiseworthy. All of them have to been found as effective stakeholders involved in active participation for making Australia a violence free nation. Identification of political contexts: From the various policies mentioned above, one can have a clear idea about the interest of the ministers in developing a violence free nation. In the policy given from the government of Western Australia , one can see how the Minister for child protection and community services namely Robyn McSweety have helped in providing strategic plans for the protection of violence over children and intimate partners gaining appreciation from the entire Western Australia helping in her political career as well (Western Australian Government, 2016). A proper establishment of a policy that would save the victims would not only provide benefit t nation but can also assure certain position of Ministers to be assured by the voters due to their success in preventing FDV. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet as well as social services and Human services have productive ministers giving away their best approach for the proper implementation of the effective policies. Summary of the policies: The policy produced by the Department of Prime Minister and the Cabinet mainly has included their own employees working under this sector an takes care to protect their employees from FDV and also prepare safe environments for victims so that they can stabilize themselves and prepare an environment suitable for their recovery. It has included emotional, verbal, sexual, social, economic, psychological, spiritual and physical abuse that not only affects individuals at a personal level but also affects the workplace (Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Australia, 2016). As a result, this policy has taken steps to empower individuals with variety of financial, social and mental support from the managerial level as well as for the colleagues in every ways possible even by providing money and mobile phones on loan and keeping restrooms for them as well as for their children. Leave arrangements, advance payment of salary, flexible shifts and working arrangements, short or long-term re location of the victims to another office of PMC office are several options provided to them. The National Level to reduce Violence against Women and Children was conducted through two stages first by the introduction of First Action plan that involved the foundation of a national level structure to provide with policy and service delivery for the future and to educate the community to reduce violence against women and children. It included Australias National Research Organization for Womens Safety (ANROWS) , Our WATChandThe Line social marketing campaign.The second action plan included 5 important priorities such as driving whole community action to reduce violence, invigilating various types if cases of violence, introducing innovative systems and services to reduce the incidences, allow perpetrators interventions and continue collecting evidence bases in order for successful implementation of the policies ("Domestic and Family Violence factsheet | Department of Social Services, Australian Government", 2016). The policy given by Western Australian government are based on certain basic principles about violation of human right, community handling of issues, safety management and assurance, effective acknowledgement for proper maintenance of equity on gender, creed and caste etc. They also have unique policies for children to save them from the pressures of violence (Western Australian Government, 2016). The policy given by the Human services department looks over FDV helps the nation by active responsibly, providing support to the victims and their families, responding to them respectfully and including a collaborative approach for the proper guidance and maintenance of the cases and revival for the victims ("Family and domestic violence - Australian Government Department of Human Services", 2016). Explanation of effectiveness and evaluation of the policies: The policy produced by the department of Prime minister and cabinet have put forward principles that they have been found to have been fulfilled by them through a large number of different strategies which are not only well processed but also helps victims in every aspects not only mentally but also at a physical and financial level (Chapell Curtin, 2013). The large number of varieties of help lines provided had made the ways easier by which victims can seek for help (Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Australia, 2016). The various strategies of loans and various types of supports provided from the managerial levels such as allowances of various kinds has indeed effected in providing a workplace environment protective of the victims facing serious troubles in their personal troubles make the victims strong enough to face the adverse situations with courage and come out victorious. The plans given by the department of Social services has helped the nation to ensure the proper monitoring and reporting of cases of violence that has in turn been seen to reduce the prevalence of FDV ("Domestic and Family Violence factsheet | Department of Social Services, Australian Government", 2016). It has also committed to evaluate the planning of the policy on terms of the effectiveness and efficacy. Moreover, it had also ensured significant reduction of violence within the year 2022. The policy given by western Australia was evaluated with a n effective results in the fields of the performance indicator data such as the number of cases reported, police orders issued, perpetrators charges and others. Integrated interagency response has been found to be satisfactory on the associated outcomes. The Australian Bureau of Statistics Personal safety Survey also showed the number of reported cases to have reduced in Western Australia (Roberts, Chamberlain Delfabbro, 2015). Current policy Impact on equity, social justice and social determinants: Though the policy from prime ministerial department show equity in managing the victims on the basis if caste, creed religion and gender, however other policies although demand to be taking initiatives for the entire family members if any one faces violence, but specifically aims at protecting women and children. However, it is a fact that as the women and children are more vulnerable to abuses yet, policies for older citizens abuses were found no mention (Valentine Breckenridge, 2016). On the basis of caste and creed, equal laws and help lines are provide even to aboriginal and Non aborigines that show that policies are indeed effective as the provider of equal contribution to protect them from social injustice. Apart from the gender biasness with more preference in saving children and women policies were found to be more or less based on social justice and social determinants (Cross et al., 2012). Tensions and Alliances within the stakeholder groups: In order to discuss the various alliances, one must understand the importance of alliances among different stakeholder groups. For conducting the policies properly, a healthy alliance between the minister, policy makers, health professionals, counselors and the social workers are indeed necessary for the proper implementation of the policies (Fisher et al., 2016). However, unhealthy alliances between the perpetrators and the police authority or even members of the legislation and laws can result in bailing of the perpetrators that may increase the hardship on the victims and can be recognized as negative aspects of these alliances. Theses also give rise to several tensions among other stakeholders such as the victims and perpetrators. It often reflects in the victims minds that as the perpetrators are gaining bail every time, she also loses confidence on the laws and cases stop reporting abuses on her. Those, sometimes in many cases the victims do not only report violence against the m because of emotional attachment with the perpetrators and love for them that make them tolerate negligence and dominancy from the perpetrators. However, all these lead to unreported cases which in turn results in inefficiency on producing an effective plan for prevention of FDV and filing charges against perpetrators (Gilbert et al., 2012). Evidences of the benefits of policy Alternatives: In order to cut out the various tensions, a proper monitoring authority is very much important to be included in the policy so that any kind of corruptions and unethical behaviors can be totally excluded. This needs strong vigilance over each stakeholder involved so that the problems can be totally removed from grass root level. Care should be also made to make the victims confident to report every kind of abuses to the government so that the government can have the chances to alter the policies in favour of the victims (Fisher, 2013). Education should be made an important criteria in the country through various workshops and advertisements so that the women get knowledge about the policies and how to take the help of the policies to make their lives secure of themselves or of any victims around her. All these aspects should be included in a policy so that the recent concerns mentioned can also be included in the discussion arenas and can be included. An alternative strategy having p roper reporting of cases, good monitoring system, educating people of the ill effects and many others should also be included (Baird et al., 2014). Moreover another important criteria is the handling of each and every case with the perfect level of importance and sensitivity as per the demand of the cases because each and every case are different from each other and requires difference in urgency and different treatments. Therefore, case specific policies are important after partitioning the cases into different categories depending upon definite requirements and significance (Pain, 2014). Potential impact of the alternative policy on public health principles: The alternative policy that is designed including the loopholes present in the reviewed articles of the government would help to remove the tensions and the unethical and corrupted alliances between the stakeholders thereby providing policies that would ultimately help in establishing future that would be safe for every individuals irrespective of the caste , creed and the religions. The monitoring systems would thereby help to maintain a clean system that would reduce the levels FDV on the victims (Moser, 2012). Proper reporting of cases would help to produce statistical data that would help to analyze the policies both on the quantitative and qualitative results obtained from the policies and thereby course our future proposals and planning in the different regions of Australia. Conclusion: From analyzing the various policies put forward by the governments, one can easily analyses the features and positive aspects of the policies. However, it can well be understood that preparing a theoretical framework can act as a consort or a checklist which will help us to pinpoint the aspects that are missing and should be inculcated in the policies. In such cases, alternative policies are also found to be a good aid in solving the negative issues and prepare policies that would in turn create an environment in Australia safe from family and domestic violence. 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Social determinants in an Australian urban region: a complexitylens.Health promotion international,31(1), 163-174. Gilbert, R., Fluke, J., O'Donnell, M., Gonzalez-Izquierdo, A., Brownell, M., Gulliver, P., ... Sidebotham, P. (2012). Child maltreatment: variation in trends and policies in six developed countries.The Lancet,379(9817), 758-772. https://www.dcp.wa.gov.au/Documents/WA%20FDV%20Prevention%20Strategy%20to%202022.pdf Kettner, P. M., Moroney, R. M., Martin, L. L. (2016).Designing and managing programs: An effectiveness-based approach. Sage Publications. Larkin, H., Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F. (2014). Social work and adverse childhood experiences research: Implications for practice and health policy.Social work in public health,29(1), 1-16. Lin, J. Y. (2012).New structural economics: A framework for rethinking development and policy. World Bank Publications. Moser, C. (2012).Gender planning and development: Theory, practice and training. Routledge. Pain, R. (2014). Everyday terrorism Connecting domestic violence and global terrorism.Progress in Human Geography,38(4), 531-550. Roberts, D., Chamberlain, P., Delfabbro, P. (2015). Women's experiences of the processes associated with the Family Court of Australia in the context of domestic violence: a thematic analysis.Psychiatry, Psychology and Law,22(4), 599-615. Sabatier, P. A., Weible, C. (Eds.). (2014).Theories of the policy process. Westview Press. Valentine, K., Breckenridge, J. (2016). Responses to family and domestic violence: supporting women?.Griffith Law Review,25(1), 30-44.